Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching

Reignier, Joël; Huneault, Michel A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.029

Cited by 224 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The production of porous structures via the removal of a pore forming or space holding (porogen) phase within a solid structure offers the greatest potential to control pore size and porosity whilst achieving a high level of pore homogeneity [14][15][16][17]. A number of researchers have used salt (NaCl) porogens in combination with several different processing methods to produce porous polymer structures: for instance, gas foaming [18]; concurrent electro-spinning [19], gas anti-solvent precipitation [20] and phase-separation [21], that tend to exhibit a wide range of irregularly-sized and shaped pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK) manufactured by a novel powder route using near-spherical salt bead porogens: Characterisation and mechanical properties

Siddiq

Kennedy

2015

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Porous PEEK structures with approximately 85% open porosity have been made using PEEK-OPTIMA® powder and a particulate leaching technique using porous, near-spherical, sodium chloride beads. A novel manufacturing approach is presented and compared with a traditional dry mixing method. Irrespective of the method used, the use of near-spherical beads with a fairly narrow size range results in uniform pore structures. However the integration, by tapping, of fine PEEK into a pre-existing network salt beads, followed by compaction and "sintering", produces porous structures with excellent repeatability and homogeneity of density; more uniform pore and strut sizes; an improved and predictable level of connectivity via the formation of "windows" between the cells; faster salt removal rates and lower levels of residual salt. Although tapped samples show a compressive yield stress > 1 MPa and stiffness > 30 MPa for samples with 84% porosity, the presence of windows in the cell walls means that tapped structures show lower strengths and lower stiffnesses than equivalent structures made by mixing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK) manufactured by a novel powder route using near-spherical salt bead porogens: Characterisation and mechanical properties

Siddiq

Kennedy

2015

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…Similar observations have been reported for other scaffold materials. 35 The higher value of m in this work implies more dependency of compressive modulus to porosity. In other words, the sensitivity of the modulus to the porosity in our samples is more pronounced.…”

Section: 폴리머 제38권 제4호 2014년mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…(5): 28,33,34 %PEO Contiuity = (5) Using the PEO continuity, the pore-to-volume ratio of the porous PLLA/PCL blend is directly evaluated (the variation of the densities between melting and room temperature leads to an error of 0.02 on the percentage of pore-to-volume ratio). 35 Porosity Measurement. Assuming that porogen PEO phase are completely extracted out due to the co-continuous morphology of the PLLA/PCL blends, the porosity or void volume fraction V f (%) of the porous PLLA/PCL blends was calculated using the eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Based on this model the compressive modulus (E*) is given as a power law trend: (8) Where c is the compression modulus of the non-porous material, whereas m is the power-law exponent which should vary between 1 and 2 for isotropic open-cell foam with uniformly distributed cells. 35 On a log-log plot, the relationship between compressive modulus and the relative density follows a power-law as expected from the deformation mechanisms of foams model proposed by Gibson and Ashby. Our data were fitted to Gibson-Ashby model and shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: 폴리머 제38권 제4호 2014년mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology Evolution of Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Ternary Blend and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties for Bio Scaffold Applications

Ezzati¹,

Ghasemi²,

Karrabi³

et al. 2014

Polymer Korea

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Ternary blends of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were produced with different concentrations of components via melt blending. By leaching the PEO from the samples by water, porous materials were obtained with potential application for bio scaffolds. Sample porosity was evaluated by calculating the ratio of porous scaffold density (ρ*) to the non-porous material density (ρ s ). Highest porosity (51.42%) was related to the samples containing 50 wt%. of PEO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the best porosity resulted by decreasing PLLA/PCL ratio at constant concentration of PEO. Crystallization behavior of the ternary blend samples was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that the crystallinity of PLLA was improved by addition of PEO and PCL to the samples. The porosity plays a key role in governing the compression properties. Mechanical properties are presented by Gibson-Ashby model.

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“…A variety of techniques is currently being employed for fabrication of porous polymeric scaffolds, including phase separation [10,11], gas foaming [12], porogen leaching [13], fiber bonding [14], emulsion freeze-drying [15], or a combination of these techniques [16][17][18]. While the conventional scaffold fabrication techniques can produce highly porous scaffolds, they have very limited control over scaffold architecture and pore interconnectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of 3D‐plotted polymeric scaffolds in functional tissue engineering

Yousefi¹,

Gauvin²,

Sun³

et al. 2007

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Regenerating the load‐bearing tissues requires 3D scaffolds that balance the temporary mechanical function with the biological requirements. In functional tissue engineering, designing scaffolds with biomimetic mechanical properties could promote tissue ingrowth since the cells are sensitive to their local mechanical environment. This work aims to design scaffolds that mimic the mechanical response of the biological tissues under physiological loading conditions. Poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds with varying porosities and pore sizes were made by the 3D‐plotting technique. The scaffolds were tested under unconfined ramp compression to compare their stress profile under load with that of bovine cartilage. A comparison between the material parameters estimated for the scaffolds and for the bovine cartilage based on the biphasic theory enabled the definition of an optimum window for the porosity and pore size of these constructs. Moreover, the finite element prediction for the stress distribution inside the scaffolds, surrounded by the host cartilaginous tissue, demonstrated a negligible perturbation of the stress field at the site of implantation. The finite element modeling tools in combination with the developed methodology for optimal porosity/pore size determination can be used to improve the design of biomimetic scaffolds. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:608–618, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching

Cited by 224 publications

References 46 publications

Porous poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK) manufactured by a novel powder route using near-spherical salt bead porogens: Characterisation and mechanical properties

Porous poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK) manufactured by a novel powder route using near-spherical salt bead porogens: Characterisation and mechanical properties

Morphology Evolution of Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Ternary Blend and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties for Bio Scaffold Applications

Design and fabrication of 3D‐plotted polymeric scaffolds in functional tissue engineering

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