Preparation of metal foam by different methods: A review

Kulshreshtha, Anurag; Dhakad, S.K.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.375

Cited by 80 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Porous metals or metal foams exhibit great performance in energy absorption, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], and are widely applied as crashworthiness components, battery electrodes, and heat exchangers [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Currently, metal foams are usually fabricated by electro-deposition [ 12 ], casting or powder metallurgy [ 13 , 14 ], and additive manufacturing [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Electro-deposition [ 18 ] is also applied to produce open-cell metal foams, in which the metal is deposited onto the surface of the organic support by an electrochemical method, and the support is subsequently removed by degreasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defects (e.g., curved cell wall, corrugation, cell shape irregularity, missing cell wall, non-uniform distribution of cell wall thickness, etc.) are commonly found for closed-cell foams made by the traditional casting method (i.e., liquid metallurgy route) [ 14 ], which greatly weakens the mechanical performance [ 22 , 26 ]. Moreover, the closed-cell foams with graded foam pores could outperform the uniform foams in terms of mechanical and energy absorption capacity [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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A fabrication technology of closed-cell copper foams (CCCFs) based on powder metallurgy is proposed, by using the expanded polystyrene foams (EPS) spheres with the prescribed diameter as the space holder before sintering. The material characterization and the quasi-static compressive behaviors of both uniform and graded CCCFs at different temperatures were experimentally studied. A high temperature weakens the initial compressive modulus, plateau stress, and effective energy absorption for both uniform and graded CCCFs; meanwhile, the onset strain of densification and the maximum energy absorption efficiency are less sensitive to temperature, especially for the graded CCCFs. Compared with the uniform CCCF, the graded CCCF with even a small relative density exhibits superiority in terms of the effective energy absorption and the maximum energy absorption efficiency, attributed to the much larger onset strain of densification for the gradient pore arrangement. Finite element simulations based on the ideal sphere foam model can basically mimic the compressive performance of the CCCF samples. It is also found that both the decrease of pore diameter and the increase of cell wall thickness could improve the compressive performance of the CCCFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…Therefore, it is needed to understand how these porous structures behave under these mechanical stresses to design materials that show adequate properties for the required application [2,3]. There are several metal foam studied [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] for their uniqueness features such as exceptional uniformity, light weight, high porosity, intrinsic strength, corrosion resistance and good electrical and thermal conductivity. However, most of the cases mechanical properties of respected metal oxides (MOs) of these metals were ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Ni-NiO Foams by Powder Metallurgy Technique and Study of Bulk Crushing Strength

Sarker

Rahman

et al. 2021

Trends Sci

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Despite the importance of Nickel Oxide (NiO) in diverse functional applications, very little information is available on the mechanical properties of bulk or porous NiO or, mostly unnoticed. In this study, porous Ni-NiO foam was synthesized using space holding-powder metallurgy and sintering methods to produce opened-cell structure with macrogravel and Neolamarckia cadamba (Cadamba flower) like surface morphology. Four different types of porous Ni-NiO with different pore diameter of 35.65 ± 12.77, 36.10 ± 8.85, 68.20 ±7.36 and 62.45 ± 17.48 µm were fabricated for evaluating the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of bulk porous Ni-NiO foam. The mechanical properties such as bulk crushing force of as synthesized Ni-NiO foam with various porosities such as 20.55, 27.35, 27.85 and 28.82 % exhibited the average crushing load of 115.40, 39.95, 138.10 and 151.20 N, respectively. This study suggests that crushing load of Ni-NiO foam is not only depending on the porosity but also on the sintering temperature and crystallite sizes of NiO. HIGHLIGHTS Ni-NiO foam is synthesized using space holding-powder metallurgy and sintering methods Different pore diameter is fabricated for evaluating the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of bulk porous Ni-NiO foam Crushing strength of Ni-NiO foam is not only depending on the porosity but also on the sintering temperature and crystallite sizes of NiO GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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“…In this way, very light (low density) and strong metallic construction materials, filter materials, heat exchangers, solid oxide fuel cells and materials having vibration and/or impact absorbing properties can be produced [1][2][3][4][5][6]. There are two types of metal foams, opencell (containing interconnected voids) and closed-cell [1,7,8]. The open-celled one of these appeals to many areas such as filters, heat exchangers, fuel cells, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production of open cell Ni-foam using KBr as spacer and oxidation shield via powder metallurgy technique

Gök

2021

International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal

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Metallic materials having a porosity of 70% or more are generally referred as highly porous metals. In this study, highly porous pure nickel materials were produced by powder metallurgy route. In the production process, potassium bromide was used both as a space-holder phase and as an oxidation shield. In the method, firstly, nickel and potassium bromide powders were mixed according to the desired void ratio. The obtained nickel-potassium bromide powders were pressed in a hydraulic press and turned into pellets (diameter: 13mm). Then, these pellets were pressed again in a wider mold (diameter: 21mm) so that all surfaces were covered with potassium bromide, and the encapsulation process was carried out. These capsules were embedded in potassium bromide in an alumina crucible for sintering. The sintering process was carried out in an open atmosphere at 1050 °C for 60 minutes. After the sintering process, the crucibles were kept in water to dissolve the crystallized potassium bromide around and inside the sample. Density, macrostructure, microstructure and EDS analyzes were performed on the samples. It was observed that open cell pores (58.3 -78.1% vol) with diameters varying between 5 and 500 µm, which are homogeneously distributed in nickel, have been successfully obtained. In addition, it was proved that nickel foam materials can be produced in different sizes and designs.

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Preparation of metal foam by different methods: A review

Cited by 80 publications

References 41 publications

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Fabrication of Ni-NiO Foams by Powder Metallurgy Technique and Study of Bulk Crushing Strength

The production of open cell Ni-foam using KBr as spacer and oxidation shield via powder metallurgy technique

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