Preparation of metal‐phosphorus hybridized nanomaterials and the action of metal centers on the flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Liu, Huan; Huang, Yawen; Yu, Yang; Ma, Jiajun; Yang, Junxiao; Yin, Qiang

doi:10.1002/app.45445

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The first stage in the range of 200–550 °C is assigned to the release of NH 3 and H 2 O, along with the formation of polyphosphate. The second stage occurring above 550 °C is attributed to the degradation of polyphosphate, with the release of phosphoric acids, poly(phosphoric acids), and phosphorus oxides . The residue amount of APP at 800 °C is only 12.71%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate

Zhang

Han

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine–formaldehyde resin was modified by ethylene glycol to decrease the amount of free formaldehyde and extend the storage time. The modified resin (EMF) was further used to prepare microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The structures of both EMF and MCAPP were well characterized. Afterward, EMF and MCAPP were mixed and coated on the surface of pre‐expanded polystyrene particles to prepare flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS). Both water resistance and impact strength were enhanced by the presence of MCAPP, and the flammability of the samples was also significantly improved. For the sample containing 75 phr MCAPP, the limiting oxygen index value was increased to 31.4% with a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 vertical burning test. Cone calorimeter tests showed that the peak heat release rate of the sample declined sharply to 172.7 kW/m2, which is 81.6% lower than that of neat EPS. The smoke production of EPS foams during combustion was suppressed by the presence of MCAPP, and the thermal stability was also improved. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the char layer of the flame‐retardant sample after combustion became compact with negligible voids or cracks, which could further form an isolation barrier to prevent both heat and flame transfer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46471.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second stage occurring above 550 8C is attributed to the degradation of polyphosphate, with the release of phosphoric acids, poly(phosphoric acids), and phosphorus oxides. 24 The residue amount of APP at 800 8C is only 12.71%.…”

Section: Characterization Of Emfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate

Zhang

Han

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In recent years, metal-containing flame retardants have aroused much interest. Q. Yin [182] et al prepared metal-phosphorus hybrid nanomaterials by hydrothermal reaction, including aluminum phosphinate/phosphonate (APHNR/APHNSH), ferric aluminum phosphinate/phosphonate (FPHNR/FPHNSH), and zinc phosphinate/phosphonate (ZPHNR/ZPHNSH). It was found that metal hypophosphites and phosphates showed the morphology of nanorods and nanosheets.…”

Section: Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin

et al. 2020

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With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.

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“…Their intrinsic flammability has been one of the main deficiencies that restrict the utilization of epoxy resins . Heretofore, the flame retardance of various additive‐ and reactive‐type flame retardants, such as halogen‐, phosphorus‐, and silicon‐based compounds, carbon‐ and clay‐based fillers, for epoxy resins has been investigated. Compared with halogenated flame retardants as well as additive‐type flame retardants, reactive‐type halogen‐free flame retardants have advantages in the protection of environment and human health, good compatibility with resins and low detriment to inherent properties of resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel DPPA‐containing benzoxazine to flame‐retard epoxy resin with maintained thermal properties

Luo

Sun

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The flame-retarded epoxy resin with improved thermal properties based on environmentally friendly flame retardants is vital for industrial application. Hereby, a novel reactive-type halogen-free flame retardant, 10-(3-(4-hydroxy phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,3] oxazin-4-yl)-5H-phenophosphazinine 10-oxide (DHA-B) was synthesized via a two-step reaction route. Its structure was characterized using 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR and HRMS spectra. For 4,4′-diaminodipheny ethane (DDM) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-cured systems, the epoxy resin with only 2 wt% loading of DHA-B passed V-0 rating of UL-94 test. Significantly, its glass transition temperature (T g ) and initial decomposition temperature (T 5% ) were as high as 169.6°C and 359.6°C, respectively, which were even higher than those of the corresponding original epoxy resin. Besides, DHA-B decreased the combustion intensity during combustion. The analysis of residues after combustion suggested that DHA-B played an important role in the condensed phase.

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Preparation of metal‐phosphorus hybridized nanomaterials and the action of metal centers on the flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate

Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate

Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin

Synthesis of a novel DPPA‐containing benzoxazine to flame‐retard epoxy resin with maintained thermal properties

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