Preparation of mineralized pericardium by alternative soaking for soft–hard interregional tissue application

Abstract

Recent applications of decellularized tissues include the ectopic use of sheets and powders for three-dimensional (3D) tissue reconstruction. Decellularized tissues are modified (or fabricated) with the desired functions for application to the target (transplanted or used) tissue, including soft-hard interregional tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and periodontal ligaments. This study aimed to prepare a mineralized decellularized pericardium to construct a soft-hard interregional tissue by 3D fabrication of decellularized pericardium, for example, rolling up to a cylindrical form. The decellularized pericardial tissue was prepared using the high hydrostatic pressurization (HHP) and surfactants method. The pericardium consisted of bundles of aligned fibers, and the bundles were slightly disordered when prepared with the surfactant decellularization method compared with that prepared using the HHP decellularization method. Mineralization of the decellularized pericardium was performed using an alternate soaking process with various cycles. The surface of the decellularized pericardium was covered with calcium phosphate precipitates, which accumulated on the surface with an increasing number of soaking cycles. The inside of the HHP decellularized pericardium was mineralized uniformly, whereas the mineralization of the decellularized pericardium decreased toward the interior. These findings suggest that the decellularization method strongly affects the structure and mineralized parts of the decellularized pericardium. The mineralized decellularized pericardium could be a candidate material for reconstructing alternative interregional tissues, such as ligaments and tendons.

Advances Focusing on the Application of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix in Periodontal Regeneration

“…The porcine pericardium [ 49 , 50 ] is also a commonly used material for periodontal ligament regeneration, and Mika Suzuki et al [ 41 ] verified the important role of the decellularized pericardium in promoting periodontal ligament structural remodeling and promoted the gradient mineralization of the decellularized pericardial surface to promote the formation of ligamento-structure at the soft and hard tissue interface. Rabbit pericardial tissue [ 47 ] has been used to restore craniofacial bone defects, and the decellularized rabbit pericardial was believed to facilitate bone regeneration by inhibiting connective tissue invasion.…”

“…Thus, human dECM powder can be used as efficient injection biomaterials for tissue engineering with great potential in addressing the clinical challenges of periodontal regenerative medicine [ 8 , 70 , 71 ]. In addition, decellularized bone powder, as a commonly used periodontal tissue engineering material, is another form of clinical application of dECM granules, which are often combined with hydrogel and a guiding tissue regeneration membrane to promote periodontal regeneration [ 50 , 71 , 72 ]. For example, Sayanti Datta et al applied decellularized bone granule material incorporated in a chitosan-base hydrogel laden with hAMSC to promote bone regeneration, and intrinsic growth factors in the decellularized bone granules encouraged excellent cellular viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in human amnion-derived stem cells [ 72 ].…”

Effect of multi arm-PEG-NHS (polyethylene glycol n-hydroxysuccinimide) branching on cell adhesion to modified decellularized bovine and porcine pericardium

“…The pericardium has strong mechanical properties, easy to handle large size and flat shape. The decellularized pericardium has been reported for use in many applications such as for ligaments 23 and tendons, 24 and is also expected to be effective as an anti-adhesion membrane. The enhanced cell growth on decellularized pericardium is an obstacle to directly applying it as an anti-adhesion material.…”

Investigation of anti-adhesion ability of 8-arm PEGNHS-modified porcine pericardium

“…Decellularized pericardium, especially when prepared using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), has been reported to preserve the extracellular matrix structure. Decellularized tissue exhibits favorable biocompatibility and induces a minimal immune response [23][24][25][26]. In recent research, we introduced the use of the pericardium as the primary material for anti-adhesion applications in heart surgery, achieved by transforming its surface properties from adhesive to anti-adhesive [27][28][29].…”