Preparation of Monoacylglycerol Derivatives from Indonesian Edible Oil and Their Antimicrobial Assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract

In the present work, linoleic acid and oleic acid were isolated from Indonesian corn oil and palm oil and they were used to prepare monoacylglycerol derivatives as the antibacterial agent. Indonesian corn oil contains 57.74% linoleic acid, 19.88% palmitic acid, 11.84% oleic acid and 3.02% stearic acid. While Indonesian palm oil contains 44.72% oleic acid, 39.28% palmitic acid, 4.56% stearic acid and 1.54% myristic acid. The oleic acid was purified by using Urea Inclusion Complex (UIC) method and its purity was significantly increased from 44.72% to 94.71%. Meanwhile, with the UIC method, the purity of ethyl linoleate was increased from 57.74% to 72.14%. 1-Monolinolein and 2-monoolein compounds were synthesized via two-step process from the isolated linoleic acid and oleic acid, respectively. The preliminary antibacterial assay shows that the 1-monolinolein did not give any antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , while 2-monoolein showed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus .

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Three Monosaccharide Monomyristate Derivatives

“…The presence of hydroxyl groups on the glycosyl part of the esters allows them to interact with the gram-positive bacterial cell wall. Once the compounds interact with the cell wall through intermolecular interaction, such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction, the cell will be destabilized, which can lead to bacteria lysis [28,29,30]. However, the prepared compounds also showed weak antibacterial activity to the gram-negative bacteria, perhaps due to the presence of the hydrophobic alkyl chain of the esters.…”

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana do óleo de girassol: Respaldo para a enfermagem

“…Recentemente outros estudos também apontam a ação antimicrobiana do ácido linoléico sobre Candida albicans resistente ao fluconazol, Staphylococcus aureus (Kim, et al, 2020) e Escherichia coli (Jumina, et al, 2019). Pesquisadores afirmam que o ácido linoléico inibe a formação de biofilmes, impedindo a infecção (Kim, et al, 2020), inclusive, tendo seus efeitos antibacterianos comparado aos do antibiótico gentamicina, ao ser testado sobre bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram positivas em um estudo realizado na Arábia Saudita (Hichri, et al, 2019).…”

Monoglycerides as an Antifungal Agent

“…Monolaurin, monocaprin, monomiristine, monopalmitin, and monostearin are saturated monoglycerides in the form of solid [7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, if the -R groups are from unsaturated fatty acid, it could generate unsaturated monoglycerides such as monoolein and monolinolein that are tend to be in the form of thick liquid [11].…”

“…Some studies have reported that monoglycerides are promising antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents [2,9,11,18]. Medium-chain monoglycerides are revealed to have better antimicrobial activity than long-chain monoglycerides.…”