Preparation of nanocrystalline Sn–TiO2−X via a rapid and simple stannous chemical reducing route

A spatially resolved study on the Sn diffusion during the sintering process in the active layer of dye sensitised solar cells

“…These effects may not necessarily be negative, as reported in literature the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 has been increased when using semiconductor coupled systems like SnO 2 /TiO 2 , [16][17][18] in particular doping the anatase lattice with Sn cations enhances the separation of photogenerated pairs. 19 Obviously, as reported in literature, higher sintering temperatures cause an excellent removal of organic binders and solvents. 10 On the other hand the high temperatures cause the transformation of the anatase TiO 2 into rutile which is undesirable for DSSC performance.…”

Study of the effects of surface modification by thermal shock method on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 P25

“…As a result, this effect can enhance the probability of electron transition from the valence band to the condution band and reduce the required energy for the photoexcitation. Moreover, the oxygen deficient sites on the catalyst surface were found to play as electron trapping centers which can effectively capture the photoinduced electrons and inhibit the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes [12,31,35]. This would assure a sufficiently long lifetime of photoinduced holes and thus promote the generation of OH • radicals, which play a key role in the oxidation of organic substrates.…”

Correlation investigation on the visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and coordination structure of rutile Sn-Fe-TiO2 nanocrystallites for methylene blue degradation

“…On the one hand, oxygen vacancy can act as electron traps and inhibit the recombination of electron-holes pairs and high oxygen vacancy concentration can form oxygen vacancy states below conduction band and improve the visible light absorption [25,26]. On the other hand, the existence of oxygen vacancies on the surface could influence the water molecules adsorption and lead to the increment of surface hydroxyl groups concentration [48], confirmed by XPS results. Surface hydroxyl groups play a vital role in determining the photocatalytic activity, since it can accept holes to form hydroxyl radicals and prevent charge recombination [51].…”

“…It can be seen that the absorption edge of Sn and Sn-Fe-x samples shifts to visible light region compared with undoped TiO 2 . As for tin sole doping, the red shift occurred mainly due to the formation of oxygen vacancies [48]. With increasing the doping amount of iron, the visible light absorption gradually enhanced, which is a direct evidence for the band gap narrowing.…”