“…Compared to small molecule dispersants, polymer dispersants replace the oleophilic and hydrophilic groups of small dispersants with solvation chains and anchoring groups, respectively. This substitution effectively reduces the viscosity of the dispersion system, increases the solid content of the dispersion system, and improves the stability of the dispersion system 23–25 . Through the interaction of ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, anchoring groups such as —NH 2 , —NR 2 , —NR 3 + , —OH, —COOH, —COOR, —SO 3 H, and —PO 4 2− can be tightly adsorbed onto the surface of solid pigment or powder particles to prevent the desorption of the dispersant 26,27 .…”