Preparation of polypyrrole–polyurethane composite foam by vapor phase oxidative polymerization

He, Feifeng; Omoto, Mitsuru; Yamamoto, T.; Kise, Hideo

doi:10.1002/app.1995.070550211

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There has been substantial research in making flexible conducting fabrics by impregnating fibers with conductive polymers [3][4][5] and in making devices from polyurethane foam impregnated with conductive polymers. [6][7][8] Drawbacks of both methods are low conductivity, usually below 1 S cm -1 , and slow fabrication as the monomer and the oxidant have to diffuse into the substrate in subsequent processes typically lasting hours. Conductive polyaniline fibers can be stretched by 500 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable and Conductive Polymer Material Made from Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and Polyurethane Elastomers

Hansen

West

Hassager

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

177

154

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A highly elastic and stretchable conductive polymer material resulted from blending the conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):p‐tosylate and an aliphatic polyurethane elastomer. The blend inherited advantageous properties from its constituents, namely high conductivity of 120 S cm–1 from its conductive polymer component, and elastomeric mechanical properties resembling those of the polyurethane, including good adhesion to various substrates. Stretching of the blend material by up to 50 % resulted in increased conductivity, while subsequent relaxation to the unstretched state caused a decrease of conductivity compared to the pristine blend. These initial changes in conductivity were reproducible on further cycling between 50 % stretching and the unstretched state for at least 10 cycles. Stretching beyond 50 % resulted in decreasing conductivity of the blend but with substantial conductivity remaining even when stretched by 200 %. Optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the blend, as well as high resolution electron microscopy of bulk cross‐sections, suggest that the system is a single phase and not two separate phases. Ageing experiments indicate that the material retains substantial conductivity for at least a few years at room temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable and Conductive Polymer Material Made from Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and Polyurethane Elastomers

Hansen

West

Hassager

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

177

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One advantage of these materials as stretchable electrodes is their excellent printability and stretchability. A typical fabrication method of composites is based on impregnating conducting polymer fibres [45][46][47] into polyurethane foam [48][49][50]. The main obstacle in applying the composite materials to stretchable electronics is their low conductivities, usually below 1 S cm −1 .…”

Section: Conductive Polymer/elastomer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable electronics: materials, architectures and integrations

Ahn¹,

Je²

2012

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

171

135

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Stretchable electronics, i.e. elastic electronics that can be bent and stretched, is a new, emerging class of electronics, based on building electronic circuits or devices on stretchable substrates. The potential applications range from fully conformable, stretchable, skin sensors for robotic devices, wearable electronic devices, to flesh-like biodevices. One of the challenges in the development of stretchable electronics is to retain full functionality under high external strains in stretching. In this paper, we review a few approaches recently developed for stretchable electronics and highlight recent research efforts on multi-directional writing for stretchable, three-dimensional structures.

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“…Though numerous composites of nonconducting and selfconducting polymers are known, [9][10][11][12][13][14] up to the present, the use of PUR as a nonconducting polymer matrix has rarely been described. [15][16][17] Although the preparation of composites with linear thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is easy and can be carried out using different methods with the aid of solvents, [2,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] none of these methods is suitable for preparation of composites with cross-linked polyurethanes. Because of the high reactivity of isocyanates, the PUR formation must be carried out in a solvent-free manner, for example by mixing the liquid isocyanate and polyol compounds, pouring the mixture into a mould, and curing it in the mould to directly yield the shaped resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Composites of Polyurethane Resin and Polypyrrole: Solvent‐Free Preparation, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties

Deligöz

Tieke

2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Three methods were used for solvent-free preparation of conducting composites of PUR and PPy. In all cases, PUR was prepared from TDI and hydroxol 15-W as polyol cross-linker, whereas PPy was obtained upon oxidative coupling of Py using ferric chloride as oxidant. In method 1, PPy powder was dispersed in hydroxol. After addition of TDI the mixture was cured to yield the final product. In method 2, ferric chloride and Py were dissolved in hydroxol and a PPy dispersion was obtained. Then TDI was added and the final product was obtained upon curing. In method 3, Py was dissolved in TDI and ferric chloride dissolved in hydroxol. Then the two solutions were mixed and cured resulting in the simultaneous formation of PPy and PUR. Method 1 led to composites with a specific electrical conductivity s of 10 À10 S Á cm À1 and a Shore A hardness of 40 to 55. Using methods 2 and 3, composites with s values of 10 À7 S Á cm À1 and a hardness of 30 to 40 were obtained. Presence of moisture increased the s values and decreased the hardness. Due to the solvent-free preparation, the maximum PPy content of the samples was limited to 10 wt.-%. The studies also demonstrated that the conductivity was mainly dependent on the amount of ferric chloride present in the sample and not on the PPy content, suggesting that the conductivity was ionic.Flow diagram of different preparation methods for PUR-PPy composites.

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Preparation of polypyrrole–polyurethane composite foam by vapor phase oxidative polymerization

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Highly Stretchable and Conductive Polymer Material Made from Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and Polyurethane Elastomers

Highly Stretchable and Conductive Polymer Material Made from Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and Polyurethane Elastomers

Stretchable electronics: materials, architectures and integrations

Conducting Composites of Polyurethane Resin and Polypyrrole: Solvent‐Free Preparation, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties

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