Preparation of Porous TiO₂ from an Iso-Polyoxotitanate Cluster for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries with High Performance

Abstract

By aerobic calcination of a new titanium-oxide cluster (TOC) isolated from water, that is, [Ti6O8(OH2)20]·(2,7-NDS)4·2HCl·14H2O (Ti 6 -NDS; 2,7-NDS = 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonate), porous anatase TiO2 was facially prepared. The sample obtained at 400 °C exhibited a surface area of 108 cm3 g–1 and an average pore diameter of 16 nm. When used as an anode material for a sodium-ion battery (SIB), it showed larger specific capacity and far superior rate performance than the other TiO2 samples, including those prepared from another three TOCs under the same conditions or from Ti 6 -NDS under different conditions and the one obtained from a commercial source. The mechanistic study indicates that the hierarchical structure surrounding the Ti-oxide cores of Ti 6 -NDS is pivotal for the formation and the SIB performance of the porous TiO2. This surfactant-free and catalyst-free strategy for the fabrication of TiO2 materials with special morphologies by thermal transformation of a TOC provides a new optional protocol for the preparation of promising materials stable and efficient in SIBs.

Foldable high‐strength electrode enabled by nanosheet subunits for advanced sodium‐ion batteries

“…As shown in Figure 5B, the representative charge/discharge curves were selected in these cycles. The charge/discharge curves of the TiO 2 ‐C film have a typical and stable potential profile 26,27 . Specific electrode capacity increased before 10 cycles and then revealed a stable and high value of 220 mAh g −1 at 50th cycle, which is owing to the initial activation effects of TiO 2 NPs in the film electrode.…”

Polyoxometalates: Tailoring metal oxides in molecular dimension toward energy applications

“…Polyoxotitanates are found to be useful for lithium‐ion batteries and sodium‐ion batteries. For instance, they are incorporated in precursors and convert to porous metal oxide film without additional surfactants and catalysts for charge storage purposes (Figure ) . Lv et al employ Er doping in polyoxotitanate [Ti 8 O 7 (OEt) 21 Er] in integrated electronic supercapacitor and precursors for TiO 2 product, demonstrating enhanced supercapacitance and lithium ion storing capabilities …”

“…Conversion of polyoxotitanate precursors into porous TiO 2 for sodium‐ion batteries. Reproduced with permission from Zhang et al Copyright ACS (2019)…”

“…Reproduced with permission from Negre et al 136 Copyright ACS (2014) 136 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] F I G U R E 5 Conversion of polyoxotitanate precursors into porous TiO 2 for sodium-ion batteries. Reproduced with permission from Zhang et al 148 Copyright ACS (2019) 148 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] are incorporated in precursors and convert to porous metal oxide film without additional surfactants and catalysts for charge storage purposes ( Figure 5). 148 21 Er] in integrated electronic supercapacitor and precursors for TiO 2 product, demonstrating enhanced supercapacitance and lithium ion storing capabilities.…”

“…Reproduced with permission from Zhang et al 148 Copyright ACS (2019) 148 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] are incorporated in precursors and convert to porous metal oxide film without additional surfactants and catalysts for charge storage purposes ( Figure 5). 148 21 Er] in integrated electronic supercapacitor and precursors for TiO 2 product, demonstrating enhanced supercapacitance and lithium ion storing capabilities. 103…”