Preparation of ruthenium dioxide electrodes and their anodic polarization characteristics in acidic solutions

On the oxygen evolution reaction at IrO 2 -SnO 2 mixed-oxide electrodes

“…[14]. Unfortunately, the showed to depend on electrode material and on potential [5]. Interestingly, the activation energy estimated at RuO 2 electrodes (between 14.6 and 18.8 kcal mol −1 , for specimens prepared at 450 • C, and between 12.6 and 14.8 kcal mol −1 , for those treated at 850 • C) were significantly lower than values obtained for metal Ru (between 21.4 and 25.3 kcal mol −1 ).…”

“…Iwakura et al [5] and Damjanovic et al [6,7] studied the performances of the pure oxides of ruthenium and iridium. The instability of RuO 2 under oxygen evolution conditions, however, limits the interest on that material.…”

Problems in DSA� coating deposition by thermal decomposition

“…In the field of DSA | electrode preparation, knowledge is a matter of experience and usually the preparation procedure given either by early publications or directly by a manufacturer is followed. But originally (for Ru see [14,15]), the annealing temperatures were determined by thermogravimetric measurements of the single metal chloride, which give the temperatures of the different decomposition steps. It was found that the most common salts (of Ru, Ir, Ti, Pt, Ta) need the temperature range 350 ~ to 500 ~ C. When a new compound is chosen, its thermal behaviour should be determined, in order to find the most appropriate annealing temperature.…”

Colloid-chemical properties of ruthenium dioxide in relation to catalysis of the photochemical generation of hydrogen

“…Alternati- vely, the aggregation process may be so fast that conglomerates of particles are trapped within the polymer network. Perhaps preparation of RuO2 by chemical precipitation in solution [27] in the presence of stabilizing agents would result in a stable sol with separate primary particles, but this preparation method was not tested.…”