“…In recent years, forming SAMs on different surfaces, such as metallic, semiconductive, plastic substrates, so as to alter the interface properties, has attracted considerable attentions for biological/chemical sensing, molecule-based electronic devices, catalysis, photovoltaic devices, wetting control, and so on [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Generally, the molecules for forming SAMs have ''headgroups'' that adsorb or chemically bind onto substrates to form well-defined organic surfaces with alterable chemical functionalities at the other end being exposed to environment.…”