Preparation of silica gel-bound macrocycles and their cation-binding properties

Bradshaw, Jerald S.; Bruening, Ronald L.; Krakowiak, Krzysztof E.; Tarbet, Bryon J.; Bruening, Merlin L.; Izatt, Reed M.; Christensen, James J.

doi:10.1039/c39880000812

Cited by 105 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The approach employed presents an alternative methodology to the methods traditionally employed for assessing the suitability for derivatised silica substrates for metal ion separation. 30,[48][49][50] The preparation of more specific metal binding substrates should lead to more selective and elaborate separation and analysis methodologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of lead(II) and silver(I) in aqueous solution using a piezoelectric device

Cox¹,

Hill²,

Gahan³

1999

Analyst

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The gold surface of a quartz crystal microbalance was modified by the attachment of silica particles derivatised with N- [(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediaminetriacetic acid. The device was employed to study the kinetics of the interaction of aqueous solutions of lead(ii) nitrate and silver(i) nitrate with the surface and for the selective separation of the metal ions.The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) consists of a thin, circular, quartz crystal with circular gold electrodes placed centrosymmetrically on opposite faces. 1-5 Application of an electric field across the crystal, using an electronic oscillator, results in vibration of the crystal at its resonant frequency. The frequency of the oscillating crystal is decreased by deposition of mass on its surface and it has been shown that in the gas phase the change in frequency for a quartz crystal is related to change in mass by the Sauerbrey equation. 6 These devices are radially sensitive, i.e., it is the area under the gold electrode surface which is the most sensitive part, and the quartz surface projecting radially from the centre becomes less sensitive to mass deposited. 7 The mass sensitivity of the QCM has been exploited in both the vapour phase and in liquids, and there are numerous reported applications. [1][2][3][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Two areas of the application of QCM devices are of immediate interest. The first involves the monitoring of biomolecular reactions in the liquid phase, in particular kinetic immunoassays which can be followed by the change in frequency as the mass on the surface of the crystal increases. 17 The piezoelectric device offers an alternative to the measurement of reaction kinetics of heterogeneous systems involving biomacromolecular interactions using the BIAcore TM instrument, although in the latter case the kinetic analyses have been more extensively investigated and developed. 18-20 Second, we are interested in the development of piezoelectric devices for the detection and determination of metal ions in solution, 14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] where sorbents chemically attached to the crystal are employed in order to obtain the selectivity required to determine one metal ion in the presence of others.We describe an application of the QCM which combines the two areas. The QCM device described in this work is not employed specifically as a mass sensor, in line with recent studies which question this aspect of their use, 28,29 but more so as an event sensor. A QCM device, derivatised with an aminopolycarboxylate ligand covalently attached to spherical silica particles, is employed in the search for selective substrates and/or conditions under which it would be possible to separate metal ions under flow conditions. A combination of the determination of an adsorption isotherm and investigation of association and dissociation phase kinetic parameters has been employed to permit the prediction of the behaviour of two metal ions on the derivatised silica substrate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of lead(II) and silver(I) in aqueous solution using a piezoelectric device

Cox¹,

Hill²,

Gahan³

1999

Analyst

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“…However, separation of metal ions using extraction or membrane systems is not considered as a costeffective option due to the gradual loss of the expensive macrocyclic compounds from the organic membrane or layer [125]. The shortcoming was minimized by attaching the macrocyclic compounds to silica gel using a stable hydrocarbon-ether linkage [99, 100,106,125]. The efficiency of such systems lead to the development of new separation systems with the use of solid supported macrocycles, which are capable of high selectivity or recognition towards a particular species of metal or metalloid [104,125].…”

Section: Operating Route Of Macrocycles In Metal Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1016/j.microc.2013.06.006 selective extraction [92][93][94][95][96][97]. One group of classical-type SPE system includes the use of macrocyclic chelants, such as crown ethers, immobilized on a silica or polymer support which was designed to attain selectivity in the separation process [98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107].A timeline view of the development in SPE materials until the introduction of macrocycle-containing SPEs is illustrated in Figure 1. …”

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confidence: 99%

Selective separation of elements from complex solution matrix with molecular recognition plus macrocycles attached to a solid-phase: A review

Rahman

Begum

Hasegawa

2013

Microchemical Journal

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Microchemical Journal, 110: 485-493, 2013 The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.06.006 Abstract Solid-phase extraction (SPE) approach was introduced approximately five decades ago, and until then development of SPE materials is seamlessly continued. Lately, the SPE-based research is increasingly focused in developing more explicit materials to achieve meticulous separation of elements from complex solution matrices with high concentrations of interfering ions. One group of SPE materials includes those with macrocyclic ligands immobilized on a solid-phase, which are capable of selective separation and preconcentration of elements, and such selectivity in metal retention is generally termed as molecular recognition. In the process, the designed 'host' material possesses a high degree of recognition to specific elements or groups of elements called 'guest', and the recognition capability remains effective at the very low concentrations of the 'guest' species or when those present in complex matrices. The routes to the development of element-selective SPEs, the operating principles, applications and limitations are discussed in this review. KeywordsSeparation; element-selectivity; Macrocycles; Solid-phase extraction; Molecular recognition 2 Microchemical Journal, 110: 485-493, 2013 The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.06.006 IntroductionAlthough metals and metalloids are ubiquitous in nature, the environmental concentrations of both toxic and essential elements have been largely increased mostly pursuant to anthropogenic activities related to the industrial development and improved living standards in modern societies. The growing extent of metal pollution also initiated a number of legislative measures, such as, RoHS or ELV directive has been imposed to specify the limit of trace elements in the industrial products, while the EU directive defined the acceptable concentrations of different elements in cultivable soils.Sensitive analytical techniques such as, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and so forth are available for precise analysis of trace elements in solution. An overall analytical process comprises a number of succeeding steps, including sampling, sample preparation, separation and quantification. Among the aforementioned steps, sample preparation is by far the most important error source in modern analytical method development due to the low species concentration or heterogeneous distribution of the analytes in the matrix as well as the complex nature of the sample matrices. Therefore, a clean-up/separation step is often recommended before the analytical determination of trace elements in effluent or industrial waste waters to avoid the interfering effect from the matrix ions or to facilitate preconcentration due to their low concentrations in samples. The t...

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“…One of the methods of increasing the selectivity of functional silica can be immobilization of macrocyclic organic compounds as nanosized centers for adsorption of specified ions. For example, the silica modified by crown ethers has high sorption affinity towards the ions of alkali and alkaline earth metals due to the formation of strong complexes between hydrated ions and fixed size macro cycles [8][9][10]. Cyclodextrins [8,11,12] also belong to the compounds forming stable complexes due to steric correspondence of ions (or molecules) and free space in their structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosized centers for mercury(II) ions adsorption on a surface of modified silica

2008

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Preparation of silica gel-bound macrocycles and their cation-binding properties

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of lead(II) and silver(I) in aqueous solution using a piezoelectric device

Detection of lead(II) and silver(I) in aqueous solution using a piezoelectric device

Selective separation of elements from complex solution matrix with molecular recognition plus macrocycles attached to a solid-phase: A review

Nanosized centers for mercury(II) ions adsorption on a surface of modified silica

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