Low-cost,
scalable, and abundant biomass-derived carbon materials
have attracted considerable attention. Herein, we report on novel
self-doped (nitrogen) porous carbon nanosheets by carbonization/activation
of acorn shells as a biomass precursor for use in high-performance
supercapacitors (SCs), which contain SiO2 nanoparticles
embedded in carbon nanosheets. This oaknut shell-based activated carbon
(AOC) generates an ultrahigh surface area of 3757 m2 g–1, with micropore–mesopore distribution and
formation of moderately graphitized sp2 carbon structures.
The AOC electrode delivers an impressive specific capacitance of 505
F g–1 at 1.6 A g–1 in three-electrode
systems, which is higher than the reported biomass-derived electrodes
so far. Further, the symmetric SC displays a remarkable specific energy
of 12.7 W h kg–1 at a specific power of 200 W kg–1 in neutral electrolytes, exhibiting high rate capability
and retaining 96% of capacitance compared to commercial activated
carbon. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the electrode
can be ascribed to the large surface area with optimum pore tortuosity
for ion transport, high electrical conductivity, and presence of self-doped
heteroatoms. Overall, we believe that this high-specific energy self-doped
tunable porous carbon can be utilized for industrial SCs.