Preparation of spherical Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 powders by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Kim, Hee Bong; Lee, Jong Heun; Park, Soon Ja

doi:10.1007/bf00188189

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In particular the chemical synthesis of niobium-doped compositions is limited by the difficulty of finding commercially available niobium soluble salts. 13 Methods like spray pyrolisis [14][15][16] or two-stages thermal processes by spray-drying [17][18][19][20] are worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PZT prepared by spray drying: From powder synthesis to electromechanical properties

Bezzi

Costa

Piazza

et al. 2005

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PZT prepared by spray drying: From powder synthesis to electromechanical properties

Bezzi

Costa

Piazza

et al. 2005

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…Ultrasonic atomization is capable of producing aerosols with much smaller droplet sizes, but is generally a low‐throughput process. At the research level, powders of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), with maximum particle sizes of 2–3 μm have been produced by ultrasonic SP, 3,4 as have a variety of other compositions 5–7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Formation During Spray Pyrolysis of Lead Zirconate Titanate

Nimmo

Ali

Brydson

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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A twin‐fluid atomization spray pyrolysis technique has been used to produce lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powders from a sol–gel precursor solution. Samples were removed from ports sited along the reactor in order to examine particle development at progressive stages of pyrolysis. The total time in the reactor was 2.6 s. The size and shape of the particles showed no change between the first port (190°C) and the hottest part of the reactor (820°C), indicating that the physical structure of the particles was established during the initial drying stages. The powders were mainly composed of spherical particles, but irregular forms were also present, which were thought to result from the inward collapse of hollow gelatinous particles. Crystallization of PZT commenced at around 700°C, initially to a pyrochlore or fluorite intermediate phase, with the desired perovskite phase developing between 790°C and 815°C. However, a minor amount of the pyrochlore/fluorite phase persisted in the final powder. The final powders also contained basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2, which existed in the form of elongated crystallites on the surface of the PZT particles.

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Synthesis of Nb Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate by Chemical Methods

et al. 2006

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analyser. Oxidation of the Al powder was carried out under compressed air, with a flow rate of 100 ml min -1 , at isothermal temperatures of 400, 450, 500 and 550°C for up to 60 min. Gas release from as-received and TiH 2 powders heat treated at isothermal temperatures of 400, 450, 500 and 550°C for 60 min, was characterised by heating under argon at a rate of 10 Jmin -1 . In all cases, approximately 20 mg of powder was used and the results were normalised for equal mass. Oxygen analysis of as-received and heat treated Al powders and compacts was performed using a LECO analysing system which enables the oxygen content (in wt.%) to be measured to 3 decimal places.Foaming behaviour: Al-TiH 2 precursors were foamed in a mechanical expandometer in which foam expansion was monitored in-situ versus time. The expandometer is constructed from a moving piston, which rests on top of a precursor, which expands in a tubular mould, and is connected to a counterweight by a thin wire. [5] The 22 mm diameter stainless steel mould, foamable precursor and piston were placed in a vertical tube furnace which was pre-heated to 800°C. The measured precursor temperature reached a maximum of 780°C after foaming for roughly 450 s. Foam expansion was measured and recorded to a computer via a linear variable displacement transducer attached to the counterweight. Some precursors were also foamed in a cylindrical stainless steel mould placed in a furnace pre-heated at 800°C. Foaming times of 330, 360 and 480 s were adopted in order to capture the macrostructures during the initial, maximum and collapse phases of the expansion process.Foam samples were sectioned longitudinally, along the mid-plane, using electro-discharge machining to minimise damage to the cell wall structure. Contrast in the foam structure was enhanced by spraying matt black paint over the surface of the samples and then removing it from the sectioned cell walls by light grinding on SiC papers. The painted foams were scanned using a HP Scanjet 6100C at resolution of 100 dpi. For microstructural investigation, the samples were mounted in cold-setting epoxy resin with an electrical contact at the back, ground and polished, finishing with a 1 lm diamond wheel. To reveal grain contrast, the samples were anodised in a solution of 2 % HBF 4 in water, for 45 sec. at 30 V, and viewed in an optical microscope under cross-polarised light.Wet chemical routes for the synthesis of lead zirconate titanate electroceramics have been extensively investigated in order to achieve more reactive powders with a low stoichiometric fluctuation and nanometer dimension of primary particles. Among these, coprecipitation of hydroxides, oxalates, peroxo-hydroxides, and mixture of hydroxides and oxalates has practical advantages (low cost starting materials, good chemical yields) but is limited by preferential precipitate formation and incomplete precipitation. [1][2][3][4] The main consequence of the low control of the precipitation kinetics is the formation of intermediate phases (PbTiO 3 ) during th...

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Preparation of spherical Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 powders by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

PZT prepared by spray drying: From powder synthesis to electromechanical properties

PZT prepared by spray drying: From powder synthesis to electromechanical properties

Particle Formation During Spray Pyrolysis of Lead Zirconate Titanate

Synthesis of Nb Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate by Chemical Methods

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