Preparation of Ti, Ti/TiC or Ti/TiN based hollow fibres with extremely low electrical resistivity

Jong, Ronald P.H.; Krzywda, Piotr; Benes, Nieck E.; Mul, Guido

doi:10.1039/d0ra04905k

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Ti hollow fibres were prepared and characterized as described in previous work [5] . For the electrodeposition of Pt on a Ti‐HFE, PtCl 6 2− was dissolved at fixed concentration, and deposition [Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hollow fibre electrodes (HFEs) made from sintered metallic particles receive considerable attention in the electrochemistry community, since they i) are easily prepared, ii) offer high stability and large surface area, and iii) can be made from various metals [1–5] . HFEs have been mainly prepared from Cu and utilized in the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 [3,6–9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas flow Stimulated Hydrodynamics for Preparation and Application of Platinized Titanium Hollow Fibre Electrodes

Jong

Mul

2022

ChemElectroChem

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In this study, Pt was electrodeposited on the surface of Ti hollow fibres from PtCl 6 2À solution at fixed potential and at variable gas flow rate. Partial Pt coverage of Ti was obtained at flow rates � 5 mL•min À 1 , while a more-even geometrical distribution and linearly increasing Electrochemical Surface Area (ECSA) of Pt was obtained for flow rates of > 5 and < 20 mL•min À 1 . Above 20 mL•min À 1 , the morphology did not significantly change, and only a limited increase in ECSA of Pt (Pt ECSA ) was observed. Second, the performance of the Pt functionalized Ti-HFEs was evaluated at fixed potential in i) liquid phase oxidation of Fe II to Fe III , and ii) the hydrogen (gas) evolution reaction (HER). Generally, for the oxidation of Fe-(CN) 6 4À , a linear increase in current from 3 to � 9 mA was found as a function of increasing gas flow rate. For the HER, a gas evolving reaction, initially (in the range of 0-10 mL•min À 1 ) a much larger enhancement in current (from �-10 to À 35 mA) was observed than consecutively at higher flow rates. The effect of gas flow rate on Pt deposition, and utilization of platinized Ti HFEs, is explained on the basis of increasing fractional participation of relatively small pores at high flow rates, and generally an increasing mass transfer coefficient (k M ) associated with localized mixing of the electrolyte near the electrode/ electrolyte interface. The k M is roughly in the same order of magnitude as obtained in experiments using rotating disc electrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas flow Stimulated Hydrodynamics for Preparation and Application of Platinized Titanium Hollow Fibre Electrodes

Jong

Mul

2022

ChemElectroChem

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“…Ti hollow fibres (Figure S1a) were prepared by dry-wet spinning according to the previously reported method. [29] In brief, Ti powder was mixed with PES and NMP to form a homogeneous suspension. The spinning mixture was pressed through a spinneret with water as bore liquid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrolyte and Electrode Configuration on Cu‐Catalyzed Nitric Oxide Reduction to Ammonia

et al. 2022

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Reduction of nitric oxide was investigated using Cu electrodes in acid and neutral pH conditions. Analysis of Cu discs in stagnant electrolyte by Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (EC-MS), revealed the favorable formation of ammonia (and hydrogen) in acidic electrolyte, while N 2 O and N 2 are formed in significant quantities at neutral conditions. Additional performance evaluation of Cu electrodes in hollow fiber geometry, was performed using 10 vol % NO in Ar supplied through the porous electrode structure and off-line determination of ammonia by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The pH dependent performance of the Cu hollow fiber is in agreement with EC-MS data at low gas flow rates, showing the highest ammonia selectivity in acidic conditions. However, at relatively high gas flow rates, almost 90 % faradaic efficiency and a NH 3 production rate of 400 μmol h À 2 cm À 2 were obtained in neutral electrolyte at À 0.6 V vs RHE, likely due to enhanced availability of NO at the electrode surface, suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction. This approach shows conversion of waste NO gas to valuable green fertilizer components is possible.

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“…Figure 1b shows more detail of the copper particles (spherical shape) located near the outer surface of the fiber, which are clearly contained and encapsulated in the polymer matrix. of (nano)particles of e.g., Sn to promote electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate [15], and can also be made of Ti [16] or Cu-Al alloy with perspective for applications in electrochemistry [16,17]. The present study is focused on the optimization of the high-temperature treatment of copper-based hollow fibers prepared by spinning of a mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone, polyetherimide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and copper particles of sizes in the range of 1-2 µm.…”

Section: Morphology Of the Fibers After Spinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper hollow fiber electrodes demonstrate excellent Faradaic Efficiency in conversion of CO 2 to CO at optimized applied potential [13]. These Cu hollow fibers have been further modified by deposition of (nano)particles of e.g., Sn to promote electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to formate [15], and can also be made of Ti [16] or Cu-Al alloy with perspective for applications in electrochemistry [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Temperature Treatment of Copper Hollow Fibers for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO

et al. 2021

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Copper hollow fibers were prepared via dry-wet spinning of a polymer solution of N-methylpyrrolidone, Polyetherimide, Polyvinyl Pyrolidone, and copper particles of sizes in the range of 1–2 µm. To remove template molecules and to sinter the copper particles, the time of calcination was varied in a range of 1–4 h at 600 °C. This calcination temperature was determined based on Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), showing completion of hydrocarbon removal at this temperature. Furthermore, the temperature of the subsequent treatment of the fibers in a flow of 4% H2 (in Ar) was varied in the range of 200 °C to 400 °C, at a fixed time of 1 h. Temperature programmed reduction experiments (TPR) were used to analyze the hydrogen treatment. The Faradaic Efficiency (FE) towards CO in electrochemical reduction of CO2 was determined at −0.45 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode), using a 0.3 M KHCO3 electrolyte. A calcination time of 3 h at 600 °C and a hydrogen treatment temperature of 280 °C were found to induce the highest FE to CO of 73% at these constant electrochemical conditions. Optimizing oxidation properties is discussed to likely affect porosity, favoring the CO2 gas distribution over the length of the fiber, and hence the CO2 reduction efficiency. Treatment in H2 in the range of 250 to 300 °C is proposed to affect the content of residual (subsurface) oxygen in Cu, which leads to favorable properties on the nanoscale.

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Preparation of Ti, Ti/TiC or Ti/TiN based hollow fibres with extremely low electrical resistivity

Abstract: Preparative conditions are provided to obtain hollow fibers composed of Ti, Ti/TiC or Ti/TiN with extremely low electrical resistivity.

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Gas flow Stimulated Hydrodynamics for Preparation and Application of Platinized Titanium Hollow Fibre Electrodes

Gas flow Stimulated Hydrodynamics for Preparation and Application of Platinized Titanium Hollow Fibre Electrodes

Effect of Electrolyte and Electrode Configuration on Cu‐Catalyzed Nitric Oxide Reduction to Ammonia

Optimizing Temperature Treatment of Copper Hollow Fibers for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO

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