Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Cao, Xiaozhou; Li, Qiuyue; Shi, Yuanyuan; Wu, Dong; Xue, Xiangxin

doi:10.3390/met10081067

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It shortens the process flow and significantly reduces energy consumption and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, considering the facile control of compositions (via raw materials) and reduction degree (via electrolytic voltage and time) of oxides, it is suitable for preparing functional materials [70–72] . For instance, manganese silicon alloy powders were successfully prepared by electro‐deoxidation [73] .…”

Section: Synthesis Of Silicon‐based Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges

Zheng

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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Due to the high theoretical lithium storage capacity and moderate voltage platform, silicon is expected to substitute graphite and serves as the most promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, substantial volume change during cycling subjects the silicon anode to electrode pulverization and conductive network damage, extensively limiting its commercial purpose. Strategies, such as alloying, nano-crystallization, and compositing, are developed against these problems. This review introduces the attractive alloying modification method and summarizes the recent advances in microstructureengineered silicon alloy anodes for LIBs. The electrochemical performances of silicon alloy anodes with various morphologies, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, two-dimensional layered structures, porous structures, and thin films, are discussed in detail. The challenges for the commercial application of silicon alloy anodes are elaborated in the end. This review provides a comprehensive overview and concerns of microstructure-engineered silicon alloy anodes for potential applications in LIBs.

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Section: Synthesis Of Silicon‐based Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges

Zheng

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…In comparison to the MOE method, this process achieves the direct electrolytic production of metals and alloys at lower temperatures ranging from 800 • C to 850 • C [19,20]. The use of solid metal oxides as cathodes in chloride molten salts for a direct electrochemical reduction to produce elemental metals has been applied in the extraction of various metals, including Fe [21,22], Ti [23], Cr [24,25], Al [26], V [27,28], Se [29], titanium-based [30][31][32][33][34], aluminum-based alloys [35,36], high-entropy alloys [37], etc. Research has shown that the addition of a small amount of CaO to CaCl 2 can significantly increase the rate of reduction and deoxidation [38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Influence of CaO on the Electrochemical Reduction of Fe2O3 in NaCl-CaCl2 Molten Salt

Li,

Song,

Liang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The presence of calcium-containing molten salts in the electrolysis of oxides for metal production can lead to the formation of CaO and, subsequently, the generation of intermediate products, affecting the reduction of metals. To investigate the impact of CaO on the reduction process, experiments were conducted using a Fe2O3-CaO cathode and a graphite anode in a NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt electrolyte at 800 °C. The electrochemical reduction kinetics of the intermediate product Ca2Fe2O5 were studied using cyclic voltammetry and I-t curve analysis. The phase composition and morphology of the electrolysis products were analyzed using XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS. The experimental results demonstrate that upon addition of CaO to the Fe2O3 cathode, Ca2Fe2O5 is formed instantly in the molten salt upon the application of an electrical current. Research conducted at different voltages, combined with electrochemical analysis, indicates that the reduction steps of Ca2Fe2O5 in the NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt are as follows: Ca2Fe2O5 ⟶ Fe3O4 ⟶ FeO ⟶ Fe. The presence of CaO accelerates the electrochemical reduction rate, promoting the formation of Fe. At 0.6 V and after 600 min of electrolysis, all of the Ca2Fe2O5 is converted into Fe, coexisting with CaCO3. With an increase in the electrolysis voltage, the electrolysis product Fe particles visibly grow larger, exhibiting pronounced agglomeration effects. Under the conditions of a 1 V voltage, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of time on the reduction process of Ca2Fe2O5. Gradually, it resulted in the formation of CaFe3O5, CaFe5O7, FeO, and metallic Fe. With an increased driving force, one gram of Fe2O3-CaO mixed oxide can completely turn into metal Fe by electrolysis for 300 min.

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“…It is well known that the vanadium alloy has a better comprehensive performance when the content of Ti element and Cr element is about 3-5% (wt.%) [1][2][3]. V-4Cr-4Ti alloys exhibit important advantages as candidate structural materials for fusion reactor first walls and blanket applications [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Yttrium Addition on the Microstructure and Irradiation Hardening in V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy under Self-Ion Irradiation

Luo

Chen

et al. 2021

Metals

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Microstructure and irradiation hardening of V-4Cr-4Ti alloys with different yttrium (Y) contents were studied by self-ion irradiation at 550 °C via TEM and nano-indentation test technology. The peak damage of the V-4Cr-4Ti-xY alloy (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1, wt.%) irradiated by 2.5 MeV self-ion (V2+) is 8 dpa. Dense dislocation loops were observed in all vanadium alloy samples after irradiation. With the increase of Y content, both average size and number density of dislocation loops using g = <110> near the pole [001] decreased, while the irradiation hardness increment first decreased and then increased. In order to better reduce the irradiation hardening, it is considered that the addition of 0.1 wt.% Y in V-4Cr-4Ti alloy is reasonable.

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Preparation of V–4Cr–4Ti Alloys from Mixed Oxides via Electro-Deoxidation Process in Molten Salt

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges

Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges

Study on the Influence of CaO on the Electrochemical Reduction of Fe2O3 in NaCl-CaCl2 Molten Salt

The Effect of Yttrium Addition on the Microstructure and Irradiation Hardening in V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy under Self-Ion Irradiation

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