Preparative HPLC Separation of the Unsaturated Constituents of Cardanol and Cardol

Resorcinolic Lipids, the Natural Non-isoprenoid Phenolic Amphiphiles and Their Biological Activity

“…When there are only a few homologues in the isolated mixture of resorcinolic lipid, their separation into individual fractions according to both the side-chain length and unsaturation can be accomplished using a single separation on hydrophobic silica gel and elution with an appropriate mixture of the solvent (acetonitrile or methanol) with water. To increase the efficiency and speed of the separation, a gradient elution is usually employed . However, when the mixture of resorcinolic lipids present is very complex, as in the case of gramineaceous or bacterial materials, its complexity does not allow separation of individual homologues in a single run on one type of chromatographic support.…”

“…Fractions separated by argentation chromatography are subsequently subjected to reversed-phase column chromatography in which separation of individual homologues according to their chain length is achieved . For preparative purposes HPLC is widely employed. ,,, This technique is now frequently applied also for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the resorcinolic lipid composition. ,,, In many experiments TLC is used for both preparative and analytical purposes. ,,, …”

“…To increase the efficiency and speed of the separation, a gradient elution is usually employed. 126 However, when the mixture of resorcinolic lipids present is very complex, as in the case of gramineaceous or bacterial materials, its complexity does not allow separation of individual homologues in a single run on one type of chromatographic support. The problems encountered in such cases are similar to those found in the separation of complex mixtures of fatty acids.…”

“…109 For preparative purposes HPLC is widely employed. 87,109,126,127 This technique is now frequently applied also for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the resorcinolic lipid composition. 22,79,108,122 In many experiments TLC is used for both preparative and analytical purposes.…”

Photoageing of cardanol: characterization, circumvention by side chain methoxylation and application for photocrosslinkable polymers

“…6,7 If the use of the saturated component only (n ¼ 0, pentadecyl phenol, also known as hydrogenated cardanol HC 31 ) would also limit the photosensitivity, its poor natural occurrence would make its extraction tedious and extremely time-consuming by preparative chromatography. 32 In addition, its preparation by hydrogenation of cardanol over palladium catalyst 33 would require expensive synthesis equipment. On the contrary and despite a multi-step route, modifying the side chain remains a cheap procedure and allows a consequent number of functional groups to be added, further improving the compatibility of cardanol with other chemicals or polymers in a composite system and authorizing unlimited applications.…”