“…With the Chinese name Du-zhong, the bark of E. ulmoides has been applied as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than 2000 years. The major effective constituents of E. ulmoides include types of lignans, iridoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and terpenes (Dai et al, 2013). E. ulmoides possesses the potential for multiple pharmacological applications, including nourishment of the liver and kidney, strengthening of the muscles and bones, prevention of the high risk of abortion, hypertension, and diabetes (Kwan et al, 2003;National Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2010).…”