Preparing for the 2020—2021 influenza season

Maurice, Annabelle de St; Martin-Blais, Rachel; Halasa, Natasha

doi:10.1111/petr.14025

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, many studies have shown that nonpharmaceutical interventions associated with reduced transmission of COVID-19 have also likely substantially reduced influenza [ 11 , 12 ]. Indeed, the 2019–2020 influenza season was marked by decreased influenza transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 13 ]. Shenzhen is located in southern China; it has a typical subtropical monsoon climate, where influenza is mostly detected in autumn and winter [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza is not fully known, but the reason for the observed decrease may be multifactorial. First, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered health seeking behaviors and has increased attention to nonpharmaceutical interventions that reduce the risk of transmission of influenza [ 13 ]. Other factors, such as virus competition, may have contributed as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of 11 respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Virol J

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Background The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on existing respiratory pathogens in circulation remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children. Methods This study enrolled hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from September to December 2019 (before the COVID-19 epidemic) and those from September to December 2020 (during the COVID-19 epidemic). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and respiratory pathogens were detected using multiplex PCR. The absolute case number and detection rates of 11 pathogens were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 5696 children with respiratory tract infection received multiplex PCR examination for respiratory pathogens: 2298 from September to December 2019 and 3398 from September to December 2020. At least one pathogen was detected in 1850 (80.5%) patients in 2019, and in 2380 (70.0%) patients in 2020; the detection rate in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2019.The Influenza A (InfA) detection rate was 5.6% in 2019, but 0% in 2020. The detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Human adenovirus, and Human rhinovirus also decreased from 20% (460), 8.9% (206), and 41.8% (961) in 2019 to 1.0% (37), 2.1% (77), and 25.6% (873) in 2020, respectively. In contrast, the detection rates of Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human parainfluenza virus, and Human metapneumovirus increased from 6.6% (153), 9.9% (229), and 0.5% (12) in 2019 to 25.6% (873), 15.5% (530), and 7.2% (247) in 2020, respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Successful containment of seasonal influenza as a result of COVID-19 control measures will ensure we are better equipped to deal with future outbreaks of both influenza and COVID-19.Caused by virus competition, the detection rates of Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human parainfluenza virus, and Human metapneumovirus increased in Shenzhen,that reminds us we need to take further monitoring and preventive measures in the next epidemic season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 11 respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Virol J

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“…First, the Shanghai government increased the scope of in uenza vaccination, especially for young children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in September 2020. Next, the COVID19 pandemic has changed health-seeking behavior and increased the focus on non-pharmacological interventions to decrease the risk of infection with the spread of in uenza [19]. Meanwhile, many viral-viral interactions may also affect the incidence of respiratory viral infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of respiratory pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Tang

Dong

Yuan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic have not only reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV2, but have had an effect on the prevalence of other pathogens. This retrospective study aimed to compare and analyze the changes of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods From January 2019 to December 2020, children with community-acquired pneumonia were selected from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center. On the first day of hospitalization, sputum, throat swabs, venous blood samples from them were collected for detection of pathogens. Results A total of 2596 children with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled, including 1871 patients in 2019 and 725 in 2020. The detection rate in 2020 was lower than in 2019, whether single or multiple pathogens. Compared with 2019, the detection rate of virus, especially parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, all decreased in 2020. On the contrary, the prevalence of human rhinovirus was much higher than that in 2019. In addition, the positivity rate for bacteria did not change much over the two years, which seemed to be less affected by COVID-19. And Mycoplasma pneumoniae which broke out in 2019 has been in low prevalence since March 2020 even following the reopening of school. Conclusions Strict public health interventions for COVID-19 in China have effectively suppressed the spread of not only SARS-CoV2 but parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumonia as well. However, it had a much more limited effect on bacteria and rhinovirus. Therefore, more epidemiological surveillance of respiratory pathogens will help improve early preventive measures.

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Lessons learned from 2 years of influenza vaccinations in the UK and USA during the COVID-19 pandemic as respiratory viruses return

Tan

Ahmed

Rothholz

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, immunization programs for other respiratory infections, notably influenza continued worldwide but attracted less public or political attention than COVID-19 vaccinations. Due to non-pharmaceutical intervention measures the global influenza burden decreased substantially; but with lifting of restrictions a rebound in other respiratory virus pathogens is both plausible and likely. This article discusses lessons identified from the UK and USA, and provides recommendations for future influenza vaccination programs in light of emerging data from the southern hemisphere and the need for harmonization with COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on operational delivery and messaging to practitioners and the public.

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Preparing for the 2020—2021 influenza season

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of 11 respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen, China

Comparison of 11 respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen, China

Comparison of respiratory pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lessons learned from 2 years of influenza vaccinations in the UK and USA during the COVID-19 pandemic as respiratory viruses return

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