Preprotachykinin-A mRNA expression in the human and monkey brain: An in situ hybridization study

Hurd, Yasmin L.; Keller, Éva; Sótonyi, Péter; Sedvall, Göran

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990816)411:1<56::aid-cne5>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…TAC1 has been previously reported to be expressed in the hypothalamus at the mRNA level (in rat, human or monkey [18, 19]) and this was confirmed here in sheep (Figure 3A–C) with no significant variation across daytime or photoperiod. In the PT, we did not observe a detectable hybridization signal under SP conditions (Figure 3A).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Identification of Eya3 and TAC1 as Long-Day Signals in the Sheep Pituitary

et al. 2010

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Summary Seasonally breeding mammals such as sheep use photoperiod, encoded by the nocturnal secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin, as a critical cue to drive hormone rhythms and synchronise reproduction to the most optimal time of year [1, 2]. Melatonin acts directly on the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, regulating expression of thyrotropin (TSH) which then relays messages back to the hypothalamus to control reproductive circuits [3, 4]. In addition, a second local intra-pituitary circuit controls seasonal prolactin (PRL) release via a currently uncharacterised low molecular weight peptide(s) termed tuberalin(s) of PT origin [5–7]. Studies in birds identified the transcription factor Eya3 as the first molecular response activated by long photoperiods (LP) [8]. Using arrays and in situ hybridization studies, we show Eya3 as the strongest LP activated gene in sheep, revealing a common photoperiodic molecular response in birds and mammals. We also identified TAC1 (encoding the tachykinins Substance P and Neurokinin A; NKA) to be strongly activated by LP within the sheep PT. We show that these PRL secretagogues act on primary pituitary cells, and are thus candidates for the elusive PT-expressed “tuberalin” seasonal hormone regulator.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Identification of Eya3 and TAC1 as Long-Day Signals in the Sheep Pituitary

et al. 2010

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“…The tachykinin system has been implicated in the modulation of emotional processes on the basis of high expression of the tachykinin precursor in brain areas involved in the regulation of affective behaviour, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala (Hurd et al, 1999). Initial studies with rodents indicated a therapeutic potential of NK 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of anxiety and depression (Kramer et al, 1998 ;Steinberg et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene–environment interaction affects substance P and neurokinin A in the entorhinal cortex and periaqueductal grey in a genetic animal model of depression: implications for the pathophysiology of depression

Husum

Wörtwein

Andersson

et al. 2007

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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Evidence implies a role for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and tachykinins, e.g. substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) in the pathophysiology of depression. We have previously shown that SP- and NKA-like immunoreactivity (-LI) concentrations were altered in the frontal cortex and striatum of the congenitally 'depressed' Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) compared to the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) control rats. It is also known that environmental stress may affect brain levels of tachykinins. In view of these results we decided to superimpose maternal deprivation, an early life environmental stressor, onto the genetically predisposed 'depressed' FSL rats and the FRL control rats and use this paradigm as a model of gene-environment interaction. The adult animals were sacrificed, adrenal glands and brains dissected out and SP-, NKA- and CRH-LI levels were determined in ten discrete brain regions. Maternal deprivation led to a marked increase in SP-LI and NKA-LI levels in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and entorhinal cortex of the 'depressed' FSL strain while it had no significant effect in the FRL controls. Furthermore, specific strain differences in peptide-LI content were confirmed. No difference was found in relative adrenal gland weight, which is consistent with the finding that CRH-LI levels in the hypothalamus were similar across strains, and insensitive to stress in either strain. Taken together, these data are in line with behavioural experiments showing ameliorating effects of NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists against anxiety and depression-like symptoms in rodents, and therefore further implicate the tachykinin systems in the pathophysiology of depression and adult life psychopathology.

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“…This technique in combination with the whole human hemisphere brain sections allows the possibility to observe simultaneously discrete mRNA expression patterns in various brain areas (Figure 1, top left). In this manner, a map of the discrete anatomical organization of mRNAs in the human brain can be obtained (Hurd, 1996;Hurd et al, 1999;Suzuki et al, 1999) and often can be used to complement, for example, receptor binding distribution (see Hall et al, 1996b;Suzuki et al, 1999). A number of probes, cDNA, cRNA, or oligonucleotide, can be used in the in situ hybridization studies to target the mRNA signal of interest.…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human brain imaging post-mortem - whole hemisphere technologies

Hall

Hurd²,

Pauli³

et al. 2001

Int. Rev. Psychiat.

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The use of whole post-mortem human brain hemispheres for the studies of the biochemical neuroanatomy is described. Cryosections prepared from whole hemispheres have been successfully used for in vitro radioligand autoradiography, in situ hybridization histochemistry and histochemistry. Functional autoradiography using 5-HT 1A receptor stimulated [ 35 S]GTP S binding and volume rendering of images from radioligand autoradiography to describe the distribution of D 2 /D 3 dopamine receptors in three dimensions are also discussed. A detailed characterization of the biochemical neuroanatomy of several neuronal components can thus be obtained simultaneously in all regions in the normal and diseased brain, resulting in an extensive information on the human brain morphology and biochemistry.

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Preprotachykinin-A mRNA expression in the human and monkey brain: An in situ hybridization study

Cited by 39 publications

References 71 publications

Identification of Eya3 and TAC1 as Long-Day Signals in the Sheep Pituitary

Identification of Eya3 and TAC1 as Long-Day Signals in the Sheep Pituitary

Gene–environment interaction affects substance P and neurokinin A in the entorhinal cortex and periaqueductal grey in a genetic animal model of depression: implications for the pathophysiology of depression

Human brain imaging post-mortem - whole hemisphere technologies

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