Preputial Separation as an External Sign of Pubertal Development in the Male Rat1

Korenbrot, Carol C.; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo; Weiner, Richard I.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod17.2.298

Cited by 433 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Rats were maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle with lights on at 0700 h. Although there is no absolute age definition for adolescence in rats, Spear (2000) described an age range of approximately postnatal days (PNDs) 28-42 in which rats would be expected to exhibit adolescent-typical behavioral characteristics. Adulthood can be defined as sexual maturity and occurs by PND 60 in rats (see, eg, Clermont and Perey, 1957;Korenbrot et al, 1977). Therefore, prepubertal rats arrived at PNDs 20-26, and young adult rats arrived at PNDs 53-63.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on Basolateral Amygdala Neuronal Membrane Properties in Resilient Adolescent and Adult Rats

Hetzel

Rosenkranz

2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Severe and repeated stress has damaging effects on health, including initiation of depression and anxiety. Stress that occurs during development has long-lasting and particularly damaging effects on emotion. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role in many affective behaviors, and repeated stress causes different forms of BLA hyperactivity in adolescent and adult rats. However, the mechanism is not known. Furthermore, not every individual is susceptible to the negative consequences of stress. Differences in the effects of stress on the BLA might contribute to determine whether an individual will be vulnerable or resilient to the effects of stress on emotion. The purpose of this study is to test the cellular underpinnings for age dependency of BLA hyperactivity after stress, and whether protective changes occur in resilient individuals. To test this, the effects of repeated stress on membrane excitability and other membrane properties of BLA principal neurons were compared between adult and adolescent rats, and between vulnerable and resilient rats, using in vitro whole-cell recordings. Vulnerability was defined by adrenal gland weight, and verified by body weight gain after repeated restraint stress, and fecal pellet production during repeated restraint sessions. We found that repeated stress increased the excitability of BLA neurons, but in a manner that depended on age and BLA subnucleus. Furthermore, stress resilience was associated with an opposite pattern of change, with increased slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) potential, whereas vulnerability was associated with decreased medium AHP. The opposite outcomes in these two populations were further distinguished by differences of anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze that were correlated with BLA neuronal excitability and AHP. These results demonstrate a substrate for BLA hyperactivity after repeated stress, with distinct membrane properties to target, as well as age-dependent factors that contribute to resilience to the effects of stress.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on Basolateral Amygdala Neuronal Membrane Properties in Resilient Adolescent and Adult Rats

Hetzel

Rosenkranz

2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…The stressors were administered during the light phase on 7 days across the period spanning postnatal days 28e42, a transitional period culminating in puberty onset and associated with diverse behavioral and brain maturational processes, notably in the prefrontal cortex (Brenhouse and Andersen, 2011;Korenbrot et al, 1977;Spear, 2000). The protocol started with an exposure to an open field on P28 (5 min), after which subjects experienced repeated stress exposures (25 min) as described next, to an elevated platform or predator odor, either exclusively (P34, P36, P42) or one after another (P28e30, P40) in a pre-determined variable order.…”

Section: Peripubertal Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social deficits induced by peripubertal stress in rats are reversed by resveratrol

Poirier

Imamura

Zanoletti

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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a b s t r a c tAdolescence is increasingly recognized as a critical period for the development of the social system, through the maturation of social competences and of their underlying neural circuitries. The present study sought to test the utility of resveratrol, a dietary phenol recently reported to have mood lifting properties, in modulating social interaction that is deficient following early life adversity. The main aims were to 1) pharmacologically restore normative social investigation levels dampened by peripubertal stress in rats and 2) identify neural pathways engaged by this pharmacological approach. Following peripubertal (P28e42) stress consisting of unpredictable exposures to fearful experiences, at adulthood the subjects' propensity for social exploration was examined in the three-chamber apparatus, comparing time invested in social or non-social investigation. Administered intraperitoneally 30 min before testing, resveratrol (20 mg/kg) normalized the peripubertal stress-induced social investigation deficit seen in the vehicle group, selectively altering juvenile but not object exploration. Examination of prefrontal cortex subregion protein samples following acute resveratrol treatment in a separate cohort revealed that while monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) enzymatic activity remained unaltered, nuclear AKT activation was selectively increased in the infralimbic cortex, but not in the prelimbic or anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, androgen receptor nuclear localization was increased in the prelimbic cortex, but not in the infralimbic or anterior cingulate cortex. This demonstration that social contact deficits are reversed by resveratrol administration emphasizes a prosocial role for this dietary phenol, and evokes the possibility of developing new treatments for social dysfunctions.

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“…In addition, 3 rats from each treatment group were withdrawn from the experimental treatment for 4 weeks to examine the long-term effects of pubertal AAS exposure. A four-week withdrawal period from pubertal AAS exposure has previously been shown to be sufficient to allow the endocrine system to return to a physiological state, as evidenced by similar wet testes and prostate weights between AAS withdrawal males and vehicle control males (Feinberg et al, 1997).AAS (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) exposure was initiated on postnatal day 40, which is the time of preputial separation (Korenbrot et al, 1977). Testosterone propionate or vehicle control was subcutaneously injected at a dosage of 5mg/kg body weight five days a week for four weeks (Farrell and McGinnis, 2003a, Cunningham and McGinnis, 2006, Wesson and McGinnis, 2006, which is comparable to the AAS levels (10-100 times physiological testosterone levels) abused by humans (Pope and Katz, 1988, Bahrke et al, 1990, Bahrke et al, 1998, Mottram and George, 2000.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids increases spine densities on neurons in the limbic system of male rats

Cunningham¹,

Claiborne²,

McGinnis³

2007

Neuroscience

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Human studies show that the number of teenagers abusing anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is increasing. During adolescence, brain development is altered by androgen exposure, which suggests that AAS may potentially alter central nervous system development. The goal of the present study was to determine whether pubertal AAS exposure increased dendritic spine densities on neurons within the medial amygdala and the dorsal hippocampus. Pubertal gonadally intact male rats received the AAS testosterone propionate (5mg/kg) or vehicle for 5 days/week for four weeks. To determine the long-term implications of pubertal AAS use, another set of males received the same AAS treatment and were then withdrawn from AAS exposure for 4 weeks. Results showed that pubertal AAS exposure significantly increased spine densities on neurons in the anterior medial amygdala, posterodorsal medial amygdala, and the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared to gonadally intact control males. Spine densities returned to control levels within the anterior medial amygdala and the posterodorsal medial amygdala 4 weeks after withdrawal. However, spine densities remained significantly elevated after AAS withdrawal in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, suggesting that pubertal AAS exposure may have a long-lasting impact on CA1 hippocampal neuroanatomy. Since pubertal AAS exposure increased spine densities and most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system occur on dendritic spines, AAS may increase neuronal excitation. It is proposed that this increase in excitation may underlie the behavioral responses seen in pubertal AAS-treated male rats. KeywordsTestosterone; Medial Amygdala; Hippocampus; Withdrawal; DiI Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use by human adolescent males is on the rise (Burnett and Kleiman, 1994, DuRant et al., 1995, Melia et al., 1996. This is of particular concern because puberty is a time when increasing endogenous hormone levels influence brain maturation (Primus and Kellogg, 1990, Sisk et al., 2003), which may be adversely affected by AAS exposure. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 November 15. Two brain regions that have been found to be sensitive to pubertal hormones in both human and animal studies are the hippocampus and amygdala (Meyer et al., 1978, Giedd et al., 1996a, Giedd et al., 1996b, Romeo and Sisk, 2001, Giedd et al., 2006, Zehr et al., 2006. The volume of the amygdala and hippocampus has been shown to increase with age in human adolescents (Giedd et al., 1...

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Preputial Separation as an External Sign of Pubertal Development in the Male Rat1

Cited by 433 publications

References 10 publications

Distinct Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on Basolateral Amygdala Neuronal Membrane Properties in Resilient Adolescent and Adult Rats

Distinct Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on Basolateral Amygdala Neuronal Membrane Properties in Resilient Adolescent and Adult Rats

Social deficits induced by peripubertal stress in rats are reversed by resveratrol

Pubertal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids increases spine densities on neurons in the limbic system of male rats

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