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Abstract
22The xoxF gene, encoding a pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent methanol dehydrogenase, is found in all 23 known proteobacterial methylotrophs. In several newly discovered methylotrophs, XoxF is the active methanol 24 dehydrogenase, catalysing the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. Apart from that, its potential role in 25 methylotrophy and carbon cycling is unknown. So far, the diversity of xoxF in the environment has received 26 little attention. We designed PCR primer sets targeting clades of the xoxF gene, and used 454 pyrosequencing 27 of PCR amplicons obtained from DNA of four coastal marine environments for a unique assessment of the 28 diversity of xoxF in these habitats. Phylogenetic analysis of the data obtained revealed a high diversity of xoxF 29 genes from two of the investigated clades, and substantial differences in sequence composition between 30 environments. Sequences were classified as being related to a wide range of both methylotrophs and non-31 methylotrophs from Alpha-, Beta-and Gammaproteobacteria. The most prominent sequences detected were 32 related to the family Rhodobacteraceae, the genus Methylotenera and the OM43 clade of Methylophilales, 33 and are thus related to organisms that employ XoxF for methanol oxidation. Furthermore, our analyses 34 revealed a high degree of so far undescribed sequences, suggesting a high number of unknown species in 35 these habitats. 36