The clinical relevance of the small airways in persistent asthma has been gaining greater recognition in recent years [1]. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of asthmatics on standard treatment fail to achieve satisfactory asthma control. For example, in one study of 3421 asthmatic subjects who underwent guideline-driven dose titration with standard inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/long-acting b-agonist (LABA) combination therapy over 1 year, only 41% achieved total control of their asthma while 71% were well controlled [2]. ANDERSON et al. [3] found a high prevalence of adult patients with persistent small airway dysfunction determined by impulse oscillometry (IOS) (assessed as the difference between the resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and that at 20 Hz oscillation (R20)) and spirometry (assessed as the forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75%)) across British Thoracic Society (BTS) treatment steps for asthma, many of whom had a preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). This, in turn, suggests an unmet clinical need in terms of patients who may have a small airway asthma phenotype.We therefore evaluated whether small airway dysfunction was associated with worse control in adult asthmatics with a preserved FEV1 (.80% predicted). Spirometry and IOS measurements from unselected asthmatics referred from primary care who attended screening for clinical trials were linked to prescription data. The prescription data were obtained from the Tayside Health Informatics Centre (Dundee, UK), which links all community-dispensed prescriptions using a person's unique identifier, the Community Health Index. Spirometry and IOS measurements from asthmatics were linked to oral corticosteroid and short-acting b-agonist (SABA) use. We evaluated whether small airway dysfunction, defined as FEF25-75% ,70%, or peripheral airway resistance, defined as R5-R20 .0.07 kPa?L -1 ?s, was associated with increased oral corticosteroid and SABA use. Oral steroid and SABA use 1 year prior and 1 year following the index measurements were determined, i.e. whether or not patients had an oral steroid prescription for an asthma exacerbation, or the use of more than four, or four or fewer SABA inhalers. Research ethics committee approval was obtained for all the studies for which the patients were being screened, and Caldicott Guardian approval was obtained to transfer the data to the Health Informatics Centre. IOS (Masterscreen IOS; Jaeger, Hochberg, Germany) was performed in triplicate in accordance with the manufacturer's guidelines. A SuperSpiro spirometer (Micro Medical Ltd, Chatham, UK) was used in triplicate in accordance with European Respiratory Society guidelines [4]. Logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the odds ratios for steroid and salbutamol use in the different groups. Age, sex, ICS, LABA and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) use were all included as covariates to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.