Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications

Eaddy, Jessica L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398336-7.00076-0

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Activation of BZ receptors has been reported to cause a stronger GABA A mediated response. 17 Therefore, commensurate with the degree of activation of GABAergic and benzodiazepine receptors, correspondingly anxiolysis, sedation, hypnosis, and fatality can result at low doses, moderate doses, high doses, and at overdose of midazolam. Agitation and sedation are inversely related, with sedation being physiologically antagonistic to agitation; this underpins the design of the Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two different doses of oral midazolam premedication on separation anxiety in children scheduled for herniotomy

2023

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Background: Peri-operative separation anxiety in children adversely impacts on their cognitive function and behavioural outcome. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of two different doses of oral midazolam premedication on separation anxiety in paediatric patients scheduled for herniotomy. Methods: Eighty-four eligible children aged 1-6 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II, scheduled for herniotomy, were randomized into two groups, A and B, of 42 each after ethical clearance and written parental consent. Children in group A and group B received 0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg respectively of oral midazolam flavoured with paracetamol syrup, were observed, and later separated from parents at 30 min post-premedication. Premedicant acceptability was noted, and separation anxiety was assessed using the Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: All 84 children completed the study. At 30 min post-premedication, 47.6% in group A and 19.1% in group B had light sedation, while 52.4% in group A and 80.9% in group B were moderately sedated, p=0.0001. Premedicant acceptability and agitation scores between the groups were comparable, p>0.05. Conclusions: Oral 0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg midazolam induced desirable sedation in children at the 30th min with comparable lower agitation scores; however, the 0.75 mg/kg dose achieved significantly faster onset and higher level of sedation in a greater proportion of the subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two different doses of oral midazolam premedication on separation anxiety in children scheduled for herniotomy

2023

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Use of the over-the-counter drugs by adults and an assessment of the impact of advertisements on consumers

Szpringer¹,

Olędzka²,

Kosecka³

et al. 2015

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Introduction: During the last few years there has been a considerable value growth in the demand for the so-called over-thecounter drugs (OTC, available without doctor's prescription). Using OTC drugs is related to self-treatment, aimed at mitigating first symptoms of a cold, flu, or various types of pain. The omnipresent advertisements for OTC drugs encourage and contribute to the elevated demand. Unfortunately, the marketing techniques used in advertisements fail to provide reliable and objective information to the viewers about specific products. Aim of the research: To determine the respondents' opinions on using OTC drugs and to assess how advertisements influence the consumers' needs. Material and methods: The study was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire. For the purpose of the study, the authors prepared a survey questionnaire, which was used as a research tool. The study included 114 respondents, falling within an age bracket of 18-66 years. Results: The most frequently used OTC drugs were painkillers and medicines for cold and flu symptoms (68.33% of women and 59.09% of men). The drugs were usually bought in pharmacies and grocery/convenience stores. Conclusions: Taking OTC drugs is a widespread phenomenon, both in women and men. The obtained results clearly indicate that advertisements have a considerable impact upon target groups and contribute to increased consumption of OTC drugs.

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Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of two different doses of oral midazolam premedication on separation anxiety in children scheduled for herniotomy

Effect of two different doses of oral midazolam premedication on separation anxiety in children scheduled for herniotomy

Use of the over-the-counter drugs by adults and an assessment of the impact of advertisements on consumers

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