Presence of bacteria in guts of marine crustaceans and on their fecal pellets

Nagasawa, Sachiko; Nemoto, Toru

doi:10.1093/plankt/10.3.559

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, the available data indicate considerable interspecific variability in the composition of the zooplankton-associated bacterial community ). This microbial community is mainly associated with the exoskeleton and gut, which provide a favorable environment for bacterial attachment and growth (N agasawa & N emoto 1988, Pruzzo et al 1996, Carman & Dobbs 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage between copepods and bacteria in the North Atlantic Ocean

Corte¹,

Lekunberri²,

Sintes³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Copepods and bacteria are fundamental components of the pelagic food web and play a major role in biogeochemical cycles. Marine bacteria have a free-living or particleattached lifestyle, but as members of the microbial food web, the only biotic interaction of bacteria is commonly assumed to be with their predators (protists and/or viruses). However, a copepod's body is highly enriched in organic matter and harbors a large and complex bacterial community. The aim of this study was to compare the composition of the free-living bacterial community of the open Atlantic to that associated with copepods. We used 454 highthroughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to decipher the bacterial community composition associated with this zooplankton group and the ambient water. Significant differences were found between the bacterial communities associated with the dominant copepod families (Calanoida: Centropagidae and Clausocalanidae; Cyclopoida: Corycaeidae, Oncaeidae, and Lubbockiidae) and the ambient water. Bacilli and Actinobacteria dominated the copepodassociated community and Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Synechococcus dominated the free-living community. However, the presence of shared bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between these 2 distinct habitats suggests a dynamic exchange of bacteria between seawater and copepods. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the interior and exterior surfaces of copepods provide a specific niche with a strong selective pressure for bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage between copepods and bacteria in the North Atlantic Ocean

Corte¹,

Lekunberri²,

Sintes³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…The key factor is the timing of bacterial colonization. If indeed fecal bacteria stem from the copepod gut and the pellets are decomposed from the inside (Gowing & Silver 1983, Nagasawa & Nemoto 1988, Delille & Razouls 1994, then the large DOC release will result in high bacterial production in a matter of hours. This was evident in diatom pellets, for which both growth rates and certainly production rates were initially high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of organic carbon released from decomposing copepod fecal pellets in relation to bacterial production and ectoenzymatic activity

Thor

Dam²,

Rogers³

2003

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Fecal pellets were produced by Acartia tonsa fed 14 C-labeled diatom, cryptophyte, and dinoflagellate diets, and were incubated in 1.2 µm-filtered Long Island Sound seawater. Based on the 14 C label, the decrease in fpOC (fecal pellet organic carbon), the release and fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), as well as bacterial production and enzymatic activity, were followed over a 96 h period. fpOC decreased by 9, 14, and 19% d -1 in diatom, cryptophyte, and dinoflagellate pellets, respectively. There was a fast, possibly passive, leakage of DOC from pellets from all 3 diets within a few hours after egestion, which may not have been utilized by attached bacteria. Bacterial production rates were 17, 12, and 31 pg C pellet -1 h -1, on diatom, cryptophyte, and dinoflagellate pellets, respectively. These were 5 orders of magnitude higher than production rates of free-living bacteria, indicating that copepod fecal pellets are hot spots of pelagic microbial production. The high production was caused primarily by high initial bacterial abundances. Accordingly, production and growth were entirely uncoupled in diatom pellets. There were no increases in abundance of attached bacteria on any of the 3 diets, indicating that the produced bacterial cells were released from the fecal pellets. Attached bacteria had a higher ectoenzymatic activity than free-living bacteria, but their production and ectoenzymatic activity were uncoupled and they only assimilated a minor fraction of the released DOC. DOC was therefore released favoring free-living microbes. The chitinase activity, which increased several-fold, was coupled to the production of attached bacteria; thus, chitin may play an important role in bacterial production on copepod fecal pellets.KEY WORDS: Copepod fecal pellets · Fecal pellet decomposition · Pelagic DOC flux · Pelagic POC flux · Attached bacterial production · Ectoenzymatic activity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 33: [279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288] 2003 cycled (Wotton & Malmqvist 2001, Turner 2002 and that most carbon originating from these fecal pellets remains part of the long-lived organic carbon in the epipelagic (Legendre & Michaud 1998). Hence, the role of fecal pellets from small copepods is that of supplying nutrients to the epipelagic planktonic microbial community rather than maintaining the vertical flux of organic matter.Copepod fecal pellets host an extensive flora of attached bacteria (Gowing & Silver 1983, Bianchi et al. 1992, Delille & Razouls 1994, Hansen & Bech 1996. Breakdown of the fecal pellets is in part governed by microbial decomposition driven by the hydrolytic activity of these bacteria. The potential hydrolytic activity is generally high in pelagic aggregates of organic matter (Karner & Herndl 1992, Smith et al. 1992, and if this potential is fully exploited in fecal pellets, then decomposition and hence recycling of organic matter may occur rapidly....

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“…The leaf-cutting ant Atta specifically cultures fungi, probably to obtain cellulase [594]. Bacteria have been found in the guts of an increasing number of crustaceans [653], but not yet in daphnids [817]. In view of the short gut residence times for daphnids, it is improbable that the growth of the daphnid's gut flora plays an important role.…”

Section: Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Kooijman

2000

800

1,202

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second editionDynamic Energy Budget theory unifies the commonalities between organisms as prescribed by the implications of energetics, which link different levels of biological organization (cells, organisms and populations). The theory presents simple mechanistic rules that describe the uptake and use of energy and nutrients and the consequences for physiological organization throughout an organism's life cycle, including the relationships between energetics and aging and the effects of toxicants. In this new edition, the theory is broadened to encompass the fluxes of both energy and mass. All living organisms are now covered in a single quantitative framework, the predictions of which are tested against a wide variety of experimental results at the various levels of biological organization. The theory explains many general observations, such as the body size scaling relationships of certain physiological traits, and provides a theoretical basis for the widely used method of indirect calorimetry. In each case, the theory is developed in elementary mathematical terms, but a more detailed discussion of the methodological aspects of mathematical modelling is also included, making the book suitable for biologists and mathematicians with a broad interest in both fundamental and applied quantitative problems in biology.Bas Kooijman is Professor of Applied Theoretical Biology at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam and is also head of the University's Department of Theoretical Biology. His research focuses on mathematical biology, in particular ecotoxicology which provided the framework for the original version of his Dynamic Energy Budget theory published in 1993 (Dynamic Energy Budgets in Biological Systems -Theory and Applications in Ecotoxicology). From the first edition:"This book is an excellent scientific product that informs and forces contemplation of issues relating to population and community ecology. The author has made a complex subject coherent." Thomas G. Hallam, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology "... a very useful and general tool to select more ecologically sound process equations and parameters in ecological models." Sven Erik Jørgensen, Ecological Modelling "The author has made a significant contribution to the problem of modelling the dynamics of biological populations at the level of the individual by synthesizing this very complicated subject into a relatively short list of general assumptions and putting the energetics of sub-models for vital rates on a solid basis." Jim Cushing, Mathematical Biosciences "The family of idealized models offered in this book is capable of playing a role analogous to that of Lotka-Volterra models in population dynamics ... I am confident that any model(s) capable of occupying this niche will be strongly influenced by the ideas in this book." Roger Nisbet, Ecology 9 LIVING TOGETHER Interaction between organisms: The spectrum from competition to preypredator systems. Evaluation of the consequences of the DEB model for population dynamics, food chains, and communities....

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Presence of bacteria in guts of marine crustaceans and on their fecal pellets

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Linkage between copepods and bacteria in the North Atlantic Ocean

Linkage between copepods and bacteria in the North Atlantic Ocean

Fate of organic carbon released from decomposing copepod fecal pellets in relation to bacterial production and ectoenzymatic activity

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

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