Presence of Leishmania infantum in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Southern Italy

Dipineto, Ludovico; Manna, Laura; Baiano, A.; Gala, Marianna; Fioretti, Alessandro; Gravino, Angelo Elio; Menna, Lucia Francesca

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.3.518

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Numerous surveys have been reported for foxes and jackals, with infected animals found in many endemic areas. The prevalence of infection by PCR in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) can be as high as 40-75 % in Mediterranean countries (Criado-Fornelio et al 2000 ;Dipineto et al 2007). Reported parasite prevalences in the golden jackal in the Middle East are typically lower, up to 13 % in Iran (Hamidi et al 1982 ;Mohebali et al 2005), though there have been no published PCR studies.…”

Section: Prevalence Of L Infantum Infection In Potential Reservoir Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

2009

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S U M M A R YZoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important disease of humans and dogs. Here we review aspects of the transmission and control of ZVL. Whilst there is clear evidence that ZVL is maintained by sandfly transmission, transmission may also occur by non-sandfly routes, such as congenital and sexual transmission. Dogs are the only confirmed primary reservoir of infection. Meta-analysis of dog studies confirms that infectiousness is higher in symptomatic infection ; infectiousness is also higher in European than South American studies. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals ; updated host ranges are provided. The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, opossums Didelphis spp., domestic cat Felis cattus, black rat Rattus rattus and humans can infect sandflies, but confirmation of these hosts as primary or secondary reservoirs requires further xenodiagnosis studies at the population level. Thus the putative sylvatic reservoir(s) of ZVL remains unknown. Review of intervention studies examining the effectiveness of current control methods highlights the lack of randomized controlled trials of both dog culling and residual insecticide spraying. Topical insecticides (deltamethrin-impregnated collars and pour-ons) have been shown to provide a high level of individual protection to treated dogs, but further community-level studies are needed.

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Section: Prevalence Of L Infantum Infection In Potential Reservoir Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

2009

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“…PCR testing of spleens of foxes in central Spain showed a prevalence of 74% (50 of 67; CriadoFornelio et al 2000). In southern Italy, 40% of foxes (20 of 50) examined had PCR-positive samples from lymph nodes and bone marrow (Dipineto et al 2007). …”

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confidence: 99%

Detection ofLeishmaniain Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Southeastern France Using Real-time Quantitative PCR

Davoust

Mary

Marié³

2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Infectivity of jackals at BAU campus with L. infantum was not detected in this study. Dipineto et al (2007) also used PCR assay and recorded 40% (20/50) infectivity in foxes with Leishmania sp. Whereas Bettini et al (1980) and Mancianti et al (1994) used indirect immunofluorescence assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and microscopy for detection of Leishmania , and reported 18% (9/50) and 6% (1/16) infectivity of foxes respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dog is the domestic reservoir of the parasite (Bryceson, 1996) but other canids could have served as carrier of infection. Visceral leishmaniasis has been described in red foxes in Italy (Mancianti et al, 1994;Dipineto et al, 2007), France (Rioux et al, 1968), Portugal (Abranches et al, 1983) and Spain (Criado-Fornelio et al, 2000; Dantas-Torres., 2007) and prevalent throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean, Southern Europe (old world) and South and Central America (new world). The disease in human is endemic in 61 countries and is responsible for the annual disability of 1.81 million people and 57,000 lives Reithinger and Davies., 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Golden Jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, a Threat for Expanding Future Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Khan

Khanm

Bashu

et al. 2013

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), now a day, is an endemic protozoal disease of human in Bangladesh. The disease is transmissible to canids and endemic in canids in many parts of the world including western China and India. In Bangladesh, the occurrence of VL in canids is unknown. Golden jackals, a common wild canid of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Campus, living with street dogs, cats and often get closure to human shelter. It is not surprising to find VL in golden Jackals of BAU campus, Mymensingh and this study was, therefore, aimed to identify the occurrence of leishmanial infection in their visceral organs. Venous blood, liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow from the jackals (N=5) were collected, impression smears from these organs were made onto clean slides and stained with Giemsas stain. Leishmanial pro - and amastigote stages of the parasite were detected in the impression smears made from liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow in all jackals. Leishmanial amastigote stage of the parasite was seen in the macrophages of blood, spleen and liver. Part of liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow from the jackal were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histopathological study revealed scatteredly distributed microgranuloma in the hepatic parenchyma, consisting of closely packed collection of macrophages and lymphocytes with fibrous tissue encapsulation. In kidney, chronic glomerulonephritis was seen; the inflamed areas were infiltrated with lymphocytes and macrophages. Specific pathology in spleen and bone marrow was not observed. Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow of jackals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species specific primers were used to identify the species of leishmanial protozoa involved. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for Leishmania donovani infection in all five jackals. This is the first report in Bangladesh describing the occurrence of VL in golden jackals. This result reinforce the assumption that golden jackals of BAU campus harbour leishmanial protozoa, could serve as a symptomless carrier and transmit the infection to other canids and human, require further investigation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15655

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Presence of Leishmania infantum in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Southern Italy

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

Detection ofLeishmaniain Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Southeastern France Using Real-time Quantitative PCR

Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Golden Jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, a Threat for Expanding Future Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

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