Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Golden Jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, a Threat for Expanding Future Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Khan, M. Z. I.; Khanm, S. S.; Bashu, J.; Rima, UK; Pervin, Munmun; Hossain, Mohammad Zakir; Habib, M. A.; Chowdhury, G. A.

doi:10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15655

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Also VL is an endemic disease of great public health importance in some rural communities of Bangladesh. Dog, cat, jackle [9], rodent, cattle, goat may act as a silent carrier and could play role in disease transmission in human. Detection of normal parasites in a clinical and subclinical sample is necessary to confirm a suspected case of leishmaniasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apply traditional and molecular protocols for the detection of carrier state of visceral leishmaniasis in black Bengal goat

Labony¹,

Begum²,

Rima³

et al. 2014

IOSRJAVS

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the second largest parasitic killer of human in the world after malaria which is responsible for an estimated 500,000 new cases of VL in each year with 8-10% mortality. The parasite is transmissible to humans and animals by the bite of phlebotomine sand fly. The clinical manifestations are highly diverse, humans and dogs are naturally infected, and the diseases are associated with several risk factors, yet to understand. The aims of this study were to apply traditional and molecular detection tools and more emphasis was given to identify goat as a carrier of visceral leishmaniasis. To demonstrate the promastigote and amastigote phases of Leishmania in tissues, traditional impression smear staining technique was used. For the confirmation of the species of Leishmania involved specific technique like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied. A total of twenty goats were investigated and samples were tested using impression smear staining, histopathology and PCR. Blood smear and impression smears were prepared from spleen, liver, bone marrow and stained with Giemsa's stain. Using Giemsa's staining out of twenty goats investigated, six (6/20) were found to contain promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania in their visceral organs. Histopathological examination from the liver section of suspected goats showed degeneration, necrosis and non specific fibrous connective tissue proliferation compared to non-reactive goats. There was accumulation of macrophages in lymphoid follicles of spleen in five suspected goats. A highly sensitive and specific primers were used in PCR amplification with the extracted DNA from liver and spleen of suspected six goats. Results of PCR showed that two of them were generated 145bp amplicon selective for L. donovani in their liver and spleen. Leishmaniasis has a great public health significance and the protozoa found in goats of Fulbaria Upazilla may possess threat for transmission in human and other animals, require further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apply traditional and molecular protocols for the detection of carrier state of visceral leishmaniasis in black Bengal goat

Labony¹,

Begum²,

Rima³

et al. 2014

IOSRJAVS

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“…The 4-5µ tissues sectionions were stained with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and acid-fast staining (Luna, 1968). Presence of blood parasites were investigated by using thin smears from venous blood onto clean glass slides, fixed in ice cold methanol, air dried and staining with Giemsa's solution (Khan et al ., 2012 ). The slides were washed in water, air dried and examined under a low (10x) and high power (40x and 100x) objectives.…”

Section: Gross and Microscopic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foxes and jackals are similar wild carnivores, could carry and shares many parasitic and infectious diseases and could serve as a reserver of infection to human, domestic animals and other wild lives (Noble et al, 1989). A number of diseases already reported in foxes and jackals including mange, heartworm infestation (Mulley and Starr, 1984), intestinal nematodiasis (Malczewski, 1962), tuberculosis(TB), canine distemper (CD), leishmaniasis (Khan et al ., 2012), infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) , rabies and toxoplasmosis (Smith et al, 2003). As dogs, jackals and cats were found to eat in a same tale at BAU campus, it is not surprising to find diseases of dogs and cats in wild jackals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Diseases of Golden Jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Yousuf

Bashu

Pervin

et al. 2014

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Golden jackals is one of the semidomestic wild carnivors of the environment of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and now a days very often share spend their time with native dogs and cats in the gouse food wastes . This is not unusual for jackals to share diseases of dogs and cats. This study was aimed to identify important diseases of golden jackals and categorized to their zoonotic importance. A total of five apparently healthy golden jackals were collected from BAU campus and thorough postmortem examination was carried out during the period from July to December , 2010. Histopathological studies were conducted using routine Hematoxylin & Eosin procedure. The existence of blood parasites were studied by Giemsa's staining. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) & Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were adopted for the detection of tuberculosis (TB), canine distemper (CD) and avain influenza virus (AI) . Other diseases investigated were liverfluke, whipworm, lungworm, mites and ascariasis. Out of five jackals examined, four were infected with heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Gross examination of a Jackal at necropsy revealed nodular lesions in lungs and suspected as a case of TB. Acid fast staining and PCR protocol specific for TB could not detect mycobacterium in the nodular lungs lesions. Results of RT-PCR with the extracted RNA from liver showed amplification of 287bp fragment specific for CD viral infection in two cases. This is the first study in Bangladesh describing infection of CD in jackals. Jackals are scavanging in nature and reasonably AI could have present in jackals. RT-PCR protocol specific for matrix protein gene of AI viruses did not amplify any nucleic acid fragment . Results of this study showed that the golden jackals of BAU campus were infected with heartworm, lungworm, liverfluke, whipeworm, ascarids, mites and CD viruses. Extensive investigation is needed to explore the existance of few other important diseases of jackals including bovine and human TB , AI, leishmaniasis, r abies, Toxoplasmosis, Infectious canine hepatitis, Taeniasis and Canine hookworm infestation. heartworm, whipworm and mites have zoonotic importance, therefore, it needs to develop stretagy to prevent their future dessimination in human and other animals.

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“…Portion of liver and spleen of street dogs were also collected and extracted genomic DNA using manufacturer instruction (Khan et al, 2012). Spectophotometry (A 260 and A 280 ) and agarose gel ectrophoresis were done for confirmation of the purity and concentration of DNA.…”

Section: Detection Of Vl and Ich By Pcr Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR reactions were adopted for the detection of genomic fragments of L. donovani (Khan et al, 2012) and ICH viruses. PCR was carried out in a final reaction volume of 25μl in the thin walled PCR tubes.…”

Section: Pcr Detection Of Vl and Ichmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Infectious and Zoonotic diseases of Street Dogs in the Residential Area of Bangladesh Agricultural University

Kasfi

Labony

Chowdhury

et al. 2015

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Dogs are common carnivor and scavenger at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus. Dogs may carry many infectious and zoonotic diseases and could play a role in transmitting those diseases in other carnivors and human as well . At day time cats, dogs and golden jackals are found to eat in a same dustbin at BAU campus. So it is possible to share diseases of each other and there are possibilities of crossing species barrier. This study was, therefore, aimed at specific investigation of the occurrence of leishmaniasis, canine distemper (CD), infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and avian influenza (AI) of dogs at BAU campus. This study was carried out during the period from January to June/ 2012. A total of 10 apparently healthy dogs were euthanatized and postmortem examination were carried out. Impression smears were prepared from spleen, liver, bone marrow and stained with Giemsa's stain . Histopathological studies were conducted using routine procedures. For molecular characterization, polymerase chain reaction (P CR) and Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) were adopted for the detection of genomic fragment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), canine distemper (CD), infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and avian influenza (AI, viral matrix protein gene). Results of this study showed the presence of leishmania organism in the impression smears of eight dogs. Using PCR amplification technique, Leishmania donovani specific genomic DNA (145bp) was detected in two dogs . PCR amplification of genomic DNA of ICH ( 411bp) and RT-PCR amplification of genomic RNA of CD (287bp) and matrix protein gene of AI (245bp) were not detected in any of the dogs of BAU campus. Future work is needed to explore the presence of snad flies (vector of VL) in the investigating areas and establish role of street dogs of BAU campus towards disseminating leishmaniasis in other animals and human beings.

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Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Golden Jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, a Threat for Expanding Future Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Apply traditional and molecular protocols for the detection of carrier state of visceral leishmaniasis in black Bengal goat

Apply traditional and molecular protocols for the detection of carrier state of visceral leishmaniasis in black Bengal goat

Identifying Diseases of Golden Jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Investigating Infectious and Zoonotic diseases of Street Dogs in the Residential Area of Bangladesh Agricultural University

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