Presence of Virus in the Primordial Meristem

Sheffield, F. M. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1942.tb06916.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Earlier, virus or ''abnormalities'' were not seen in stem tips of tobacco, tomato, and Solanum nodiflorum (Sheffield 1933(Sheffield , 1942Clinch 1932). Spotted wilt virus was eliminated from Dahlia through the use of stem tip cuttings (Holmes 1948a(Holmes , b, 1955.…”

Section: Plant Diseases and Shoot Tipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology

Yam

Arditti

2009

Plant Biotechnol Rep

113

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Orchid seeds are nearly microscopic in size. Because of that, many fanciful theories were proposed for the origin of orchids. Almost 400 years separate the time when orchid seeds were seen for the first time and the development of a practical asymbiotic method for their germination. The seeds were first observed and drawn during the sixteenth century. Seedlings were first described and illustrated in 1804. The association between orchid and fungi was observed as early as 1824, while the requirement for mycorrhiza for seed germination was established in 1899. An asymbiotic method for orchid seed germination was developed in 1921. After Knudson's media B and C were formulated, orchids growing and hybridization became widespread. Hybrids which early growers may not have even imagined became possible.

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Section: Plant Diseases and Shoot Tipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology

Yam

Arditti

2009

Plant Biotechnol Rep

113

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“…The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR6), which is an integral part of the RNA silencing machinery, is involved in the exclusion of virus from the apical growing points in Nicotiana benthamiana inoculated with potato virus X (PVX) or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (Qu et al, 2005;Schwach et al, 2005). Conversely, some viruses, including the CMV Pepo strain used in our study, have been found in the SAM of wild-type host plants (Sheffield, 1942;Walkey & Webb 1968;Roberts et al, 1970;Lin & Langenberg, 1984;Mochizuki & Ohki, 2004). Our results showed that lack of the 2b suppressor protein leads to a deficiency of SAM invasion by CMV and an early reduction of CMV infection in shoot meristem (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus is essential for viral infection of the shoot apical meristem and for efficient invasion of leaf primordia in infected tobacco plants

Sunpapao

Nakai

Dong

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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It has been reported previously that a 2b protein-defective mutant of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Pepo strain (D2b) induces only mild symptoms in systemically infected tobacco plants.To clarify further the role of the 2b protein as an RNA silencing suppressor in mosaic symptom expression during CMV infection, this study monitored the sequential distribution of D2b in the shoot meristem and leaf primordia (LP) of inoculated tobacco. Time-course histochemical observations revealed that D2b was distributed in the shoot meristem at 7 days post-inoculation (p.i.), but could not invade shoot apical meristem (SAM) and quickly disappeared from the shoot meristem, whereas wild-type (Pepo) transiently appeared in SAM from 4 to 10 days p.i. In LP, D2b signals were detected only at 14 and 21 days p.i., whereas dense Pepo signals were observed in LP from 4 to 18 days p.i. Northern blot analysis showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from D2b RNA accumulated earlier in the shoot meristem and LP than that of Pepo. However, a similar amount of siRNA was detected in both Pepo-and D2b-infected plants at late time points. Tissue printing analysis of the inoculated leaves indicated that the areas infected by Pepo increased faster than those infected by D2b, whereas accumulation of D2b in protoplasts was similar to that of Pepo. These findings suggest that the 2b protein of the CMV Pepo strain determines virulence by facilitating the distribution of CMV in the shoot meristem and LP via prevention of RNA silencing and/or acceleration of cell-to-cell movement.

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“…Before that, viruses or 'abnormalities' could not be seen in stem tips of tobacco, tomato and Solanum nodtjomm (Clinch, 1932;Sheffield, 1933Sheffield, , 1942 but clearly virus infections were obtainable from them. For example, aucuba (Aucuba, Cornaceae is a genus of ornamental shrubs known as Japanese, greenleaf or sulphur leaf aucuba) and tobacco mosaic virus infections were obtained from isolated shoot-and root-tips (Sheffield, 1942). Thus, supposed absence of virus could have been due to the manner in which the tissues were excised, or to very low virus content (Samuel, 1934).…”

Section: Plant Diseases and Meristemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That tips of virus-infected roots could be free of infection was reported over 60 years ago (White 1934a(White , b, 1943. Before that, viruses or 'abnormalities' could not be seen in stem tips of tobacco, tomato and Solanum nodtjomm (Clinch, 1932;Sheffield, 1933Sheffield, , 1942 but clearly virus infections were obtainable from them. For example, aucuba (Aucuba, Cornaceae is a genus of ornamental shrubs known as Japanese, greenleaf or sulphur leaf aucuba) and tobacco mosaic virus infections were obtained from isolated shoot-and root-tips (Sheffield, 1942).…”

Section: Plant Diseases and Meristemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid micropropagation: the path from laboratory to commercialization and an account of several unappreciated investigators

ARDITTI

1996

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Presence of Virus in the Primordial Meristem

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology

History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology

The 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus is essential for viral infection of the shoot apical meristem and for efficient invasion of leaf primordia in infected tobacco plants

Orchid micropropagation: the path from laboratory to commercialization and an account of several unappreciated investigators

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