Present day serpentinization in New Caledonia, Oman and Yugoslavia

Barnes, Ivan; O’Neil, James R.; Trescases, Jean-Jacques

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(78)90225-9

Cited by 246 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Cyprus data is consistent with the pioneering work of Barnes et al (1978), who explained hyperalkaline springs in terms of low temperature serpentinisation reactions. In detail, the evolution of the waters is probably closest to that described by Neal and Stanger (1984) and Stanger (1986) for Northern Oman.…”

Section: Hyperalkaline Waterssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Spring discharge is generally highest in the plutonic rocks of the Troodos and the pillow lavas often contain saline water due to restricted circulation. The study extends understanding of how surface and groundwaters evolve in ophiolite areas in the context of the different geological units present and the Cyprus data adds to the very limited amount of data on hyperalkaline waters in the Mediterranean region (Derkovic, 1973;Papastamataki, 1977;Pantazis, 1978) and elsewhere (Barnes et al, 1978). A comparison is made between water quality data from Cyprus and Oman, with contrasting geological settings, under thrusting and nappe emplacement, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This mineralisation occurs during ocean floor evolution, during obduction and at the surface of the Earth. Thus, for example, the serpentinisation process, which can completely alter the ultrabasic rocks, takes place over a range of temperatures from several hundred degrees to those encountered at the Earth's surface (Barnes and O'Neil, 1971;Barnes et al, 1967Barnes et al, , 1972Barnes et al, , 1978Taylor, 1971, 1973). Indeed, the low temperature serpentinisation reactions can produce spring waters of a remarkable hyperalkaline character.…”

Section: Ophiolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the low temperature serpentinisation reactions can produce spring waters of a remarkable hyperalkaline character. These hyperalkaline waters are calcium hydroxide bearing with a typical pH range of 10 to 12 (Barnes et al, 1978;Neal andStanger, 1984, 1985;Stanger, 1986). Indeed, precipitates of magnesium and calcium hydroxides can be found within hyperalkaline spring chambers (Neal and Stanger, 1984).…”

Section: Ophiolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring and surface water quality of the Cyprus ophiolites

Neal

Shand

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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A survey of surface, spring and borehole waters associated with the ophiolite rocks of Cyprus shows five broad water types (1) Mg-HCO 3 , (2) Na-SO 4 -Cl-HCO 3 , (3) Na-Ca-Cl-SO 4 -OH-CO 3 , (4) Na-Cl-SO 4 and (5) Ca-SO 4 . The waters represent a progression in chemical reactivity from surface waters that evolve within a groundwater setting due to hydrolysis of the basic/ultrabasic rock as modified by CO 2 -weathering. An increase in salinity is also observed which is due to mixing with a saline end-member (modified sea-water) and dissolution of gypsum/ anhydrite. In some cases, the waters have pH values greater than 11. Such high values are associated with low temperature serpentinisation reactions. The system is a net sink for CO 2 . This feature is related not only to the hydrolysis of the primary minerals in the rock, but also to CaCO 3 or Ca-Mg-CO 3 solubility controls. Under hyperalkaline conditions, virtually all the carbon dioxide is lost from the water due to the sufficiently high calcium levels and carbonate buffering is then insignificant. Calcium sulphate solubility controls may also be operative when calcium and sulphate concentrations are particularly high.

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Section: Hyperalkaline Waterssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Ophiolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ophiolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring and surface water quality of the Cyprus ophiolites

Neal

Shand

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…This is a common process at oceanic tectonic plate boundaries, where seawater interacts with deeply buried ultramafic rocks (e.g., the Lost City site located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) (3,4). In contrast, terrestrial active serpentinization sites are relatively rare, reported only in California (5-7), Portugal (8,9), Canada (10,11), Turkey (12), Oman, and Yugoslavia (6). Thus, despite the difficulties inherent in accessing the oceanic sites, most of our geobiological knowledge of serpentinization systems stems from studies of the Lost City complex (3,4,(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity in The Cedars, an ultrabasic, ultrareducing, and low salinity serpentinizing ecosystem

Suzuki

Ishii

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

204

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The Cedars, in coastal northern California, is an active site of peridotite serpentinization. The spring waters that emerge from this system feature very high pH, low redox potential, and low ionic concentrations, making it an exceptionally challenging environment for life. We report a multiyear, culture-independent geomicrobiological study of three springs at The Cedars that differ with respect to the nature of the groundwater feeding them. Within each spring, both geochemical properties and microbial diversity in all three domains of life remained stable over a 3-y period, with multiple samples each year. Between the three springs, however, the microbial communities showed considerable differences that were strongly correlated with the source of the serpentinizing groundwater. In the spring fed solely by deep groundwater, phylum Chloroflexi, class Clostridia, and candidate division OD1 were the major taxa with one phylotype in Euryarchaeota. Less-abundant phylotypes include several minor members from other candidate divisions and one phylotype that was an outlier of candidate division OP3. In the springs fed by the mixture of deep and shallow groundwater, organisms close to the Hydrogenophaga within Betaproteobacteria dominated and coexisted with the deep groundwater community members. The shallow groundwater community thus appears to be similar to those described in other terrestrial serpentinizing sites, whereas the deep community is distinctly different from any other previously described terrestrial serpentinizing community. These unique communities have the potential to yield important insights into the development and survival of life in these early-earth analog environments.biodiversity | extremophile | alkaliphile | small subunit rRNA | hydrogen

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The silica supersaturated waters of northern Evia and eastern central Greece

Stamatis

Gartzos

1999

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:The area of north Evia and eastern central Greece is characterized by strong geomorphological contrast and is built up mainly of consolidated rocks. Unconsolidated young sediments of Pleistocene to Holocene age cover the valley and basin¯ats, forming the most productive aquifers in this area. However, two more types of aquifers can be distinguished within the consolidated rock area. The ®rst one is associated with karsti®ed limestones and the second with strongly tectonized ultrama®c rocks. The schist±chert formation, with intercalations of shales and cherts, seals the ultrama®c masses underneath.Surface and spring waters associated with ultrama®c rocks in north Evia and eastern central Greece were studied. Two types of water can be distinguished: (1) high Mg 2 and SiO 2 , bicarbonate as the dominant anion, pH 7 . 4±9 . 2, temperature 9 . 5±16 . 3 8C, low TDS (total dissolved solutes) (459±1037 mg/l), found both in peridotite and serpentinite areas, classi®ed as Mg±HCO 3 type; (2) high Ca 2 , low Mg 2 and SiO 2 , hydroxyl ion as the major anion, pH 11 . 2, temperature 28 8C, very low TDS (122 mg/l), found in peridotite areas, classi®ed as Ca±OH type. The studied waters are highly supersaturated with respect to quartz, amorphous silica, brucite and most low temperature magnesium silicates (antigorite, sepiolite, talc, etc.). These waters show relatively narrow SiO 2 concentration ranges and a trend parallel to the amorphous silica saturation surface. The silica supersaturated waters have the potential to precipitate silica and consequently could aect the people of the local communities that use it as drinking water, causing health problems (kidney stones).

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Present day serpentinization in New Caledonia, Oman and Yugoslavia

Cited by 246 publications

References 6 publications

Spring and surface water quality of the Cyprus ophiolites

Spring and surface water quality of the Cyprus ophiolites

Microbial diversity in The Cedars, an ultrabasic, ultrareducing, and low salinity serpentinizing ecosystem

The silica supersaturated waters of northern Evia and eastern central Greece

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