Present Health of Children Given X-Ray Treatment to the Anterior Mediastinum in Infancy

Conti, Eugene A.; Patton, George D.; Conti, Jane E.; Hempelmann, Louis H.

doi:10.1148/74.3.386

Cited by 43 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Latourette and Hodges (1959) and Conti et al (1960) between them recorded just one thyroid tumour, a cancer, in 2 300 persons, an incidence of less than 0"1 per cent. There would seem to be some basic difference between these two pairs of reports.…”

Section: Thyroid Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A variety oftumours have been seen in persons who were given therapeutic irradiation ito the region of the upper trunk in infancy or childhood, the median exposure being of the order of :t50-300 R. A complete list of the tumours is given by four sets of investigators who between them traced 6 800 individuals (Latourette and Hodges, 1959;Conti, Patton, Conti and Hempelmann, 1960;Saenger, Silverman, Sterling and Turner, 1960;Hempelmann, Pifer, Burke, Terry and Ames, 1967). The main findings are given in Table III.11.…”

Section: Therapeutic Irradiation In Infancy and Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative sensitivity of different tissues to tumour induction by radiation: The human evidence

1969

Annals of the ICRP/ICRP Publication

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Introduction 83The most straightforward way to assess the 87 relative sensitivity of different tissues to the induction of tumours by radiation would be to 89 compare the induced tumour rates when all the 89 tissues received the same dose at the same time. 94 No assumption need then be made about the form of the close-response relation except that it 94 is the same in all tissues. The only close approach to this ideal situation in man is the exposure of the 95 foetus in antenatal radiography. In all the other 56 RADIOSENSITIVITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DOSE 57 Circumstances in which large fractions of the body, and therefore many different organs, have been irradiated, therapeutically, accidentally, occupationally, or in war, the dose received by different organs has varied considerably, even when the organs have been "directly" irradiated. For example, it has been suggested that the dose in the stomach in an ankylosing spondylitic given X-ray therapy was about one-tenth of the dose in the overlying spinal marrow (Dolphin and Eve, 1968). An allowance for the difference in dose has to be made if the observed tumour incidences in the different organs are to provide information about the relative sensitivity of these organs to tumour induction.The ICRP assumes a linear relation between dose and biological effect. This is certainly the simplest function and will be used in what follows. The effect of choosing a different form of dose-response is considered later.A linear relation between radiation dose and tumour induction has implications for the mechanism of carcinogenesis by radiation. It cannot be expected to hold when the dose is high enough to produce gross tissue damage. When a high proportion of tissue cells is killed, tumour yield may well be reduced and when healing is imperfect, or fibrosis is marked, tumour yield may be increased. Extrapolation from such situations is primafacie a highly unreliable guide to what might be expected at dose limit or emergency levels of exposure. Therefore, information about tumour induction following localized therapeutic irradiation for cancer has not been used in formulating our conclusions. Also excluded is all information about tumour induction by radioactive materials that are selectively concentrated in particular organs--such as the bone-seekers and the isotopes of iodine and phosphorus. The problems of estimating the ratio of dose in the concentrating tissue and in the adjacent tissues are formidable (cf. ICRP Publication 11, A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone, 1968).Particularly useful information is available from three categories of human subjects--British patients with ankylosing spondylitis irradiated as adults, Americans irradiated in infancy or childhood for a supposedly enlarged thymus or for a variety of childhood complaints, and Japanese of all ages when exposed to an atom bomb explosion. In each category there was a range of exposure levels, and an approximate dose-response can be ascertained for two kinds of malignant diseas...

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Section: Thyroid Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Therapeutic Irradiation In Infancy and Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative sensitivity of different tissues to tumour induction by radiation: The human evidence

1969

Annals of the ICRP/ICRP Publication

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“…Latourette and Hodges (1959) followed np 928 cases, all of whom had received between 130 and 160 rads, and traced a single case of subsequent thyroid cancer. Snegireff (1959) reviewed 148 cases, given from 80-1,800 rads, and found no subsequent neoplasia, while Conti et al (1960) reviewed over 1,500 cases, none of whom developed thyroid cancer later, and concluded that "there was no positive evidence for an increased incidence of thyi'oid carcinoma in children treated by X-ray". However, Simpson et al (1955 and) report on 1,500 cases given an average dose of 530 rads, and of these ten developed thyroid carcinoma.…”

Section: "7s Superficial Loio-vouage Radiotherapy Carcinogenic?"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Radiotherapy in Acne Vulgaris

Kirk

Worthley

1971

Australas J Dermatol

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Superficial radiotherapy in benign dermatoses, and in acne vulgaris in particular, has long been a subject of controversy among members of the medical profession. Those who favour it are convinced of its therapeutic value and safety if used correctly. Those who condemn it question its efficacy and stress its carcinogenic and leukasmogenic potential. These opposing views are discussed, and the result of investigations to determine the radiation received by the thyroid gland during superficial radiotherapy for acne are presented. For the sake of uniformity all radiation dosage is stated in rads.

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“…A second operation, performed on July 8,1959, was a radical neck dissection on the left side, with prophylactic tracheotomy. The frozen-section diagnosis was carcinoma of papillary type.…”

Section: Times Dailymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many young people with thyroid cancer give his¬ tories of irradiation for enlarged thymus in infancy, or possibly for tonsillitis in childhood.1'5 For this reason several studies have been undertaken to find the incidence of thyroid cancer among all patients irradiated for enlarged thymus during certain pe¬ riods in certain institutions.6 8 Results are contradic¬ tory. Many young people with thyroid cancer give his¬ tories of irradiation for enlarged thymus in infancy, or possibly for tonsillitis in childhood.1'5 For this reason several studies have been undertaken to find the incidence of thyroid cancer among all patients irradiated for enlarged thymus during certain pe¬ riods in certain institutions.6 8 Results are contradic¬ tory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Communication

1962

JAMA

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SažetakSustav dinamičkoga simulacijskog modeliranja jedan je od najprimjerenijih i najuspješnijih znanstvenih načina modeliranja dinamike složenih, nelinearnih, prirodnih, tehničkih i organizacijskih sustava. Takvi modeli u biti su kontinuirani modeli jer se realiteti predstavljaju skupom nelinearnih diferencijalnih jednadžba, tj. jednadžba stanja. Međutim, oni su istodobno i diskretni jer im se osnovni vremenski korak računanja, tj. diskretizacije (uzorkovanja) "DT" određuje u potpunom skladu s teoremom o uzorkovanju (Sampling Theorem) Shannona, Nyquista i Koteljnikova. Ovakav odabir osnovnoga vremenskog koraka DT omogućuje da se kompjutorski modeliraju kontinuirani simulacijski modeli na digitalnom računalu, što je veoma primjereno za edukaciju studenata pomorstva, strojarstva i elektrotehnike, te za teoretsko i praktično trenažiranje inženjera brodskih procesa jer im se primjenom sustavnoga dinamičkog pristupa omogućuje da stječu nova znanja i vještine o složenoj dinamici ponašanja pomorskih sustava i procesa. Brodarsko poduzeće u sustavu dinamičkoga modela čini s okolinom jednu cjelinu pa se ne može promatrati zasebno bez međusobnog utjecaja.Ono je u ovom modelu podijeljeno na nekoliko zasebnih jedinica a to su: komercijala, novac na žiroračunu, brodski kapaciteti, dugovanje, potraživanje, kreditni sektor, roba za prijevoz brodom. U ovom radu izrađeni su dinamički simulacijski modeli podsustava novca na žiro-računu i podsustava brodskih kapaciteta, uz simuliranu dinamiku ponašanja cijele brodarske organizacije. Ključne riječi: sustavna dinamika, brodarska organizacija, kontinuirana i diskretna simulacija, modeliranje.

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Present Health of Children Given X-Ray Treatment to the Anterior Mediastinum in Infancy

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

The relative sensitivity of different tissues to tumour induction by radiation: The human evidence

The relative sensitivity of different tissues to tumour induction by radiation: The human evidence

Superficial Radiotherapy in Acne Vulgaris

Preliminary Communication

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