Present scenario of antibiotic use in veterinary practice: importance of wastewater microbiology

Effect of Antibiotics on the Microbial Efficiency of Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater: A Review

“…Antibiotics are widely used to treat human and animal diseases, yet the overuse of antibiotics is inducing issues of pollution, development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria, and inhibition of engineered microbial processes such as anaerobic digestion of wastewater. The global consumption of antimicrobials in livestock production was estimated at more than 63 thousand tons in 2010, and is projected to rise to 105 thousand tons by 2030 ( Yadav and Kumar, 2020 ). In the 2010s, countries with the largest share of global antimicrobial consumption in livestock production were China (23%, in weight), United States of America (USA, 13%), Brazil (9%), India (3%), and Germany (3%).…”

“…Projections show that by 2030 the main antibiotic-consuming nations should be China (30%), United States (10%), Brazil (8%), India (4%), and Mexico (2%) ( Van Boeckel et al, 2015 ). Other reports estimate the annual consumption of antibiotics in China at about 150,000 tons to 200,000 tons in recent years, which is nearly ten times that of the United States and 150 times that of the United Kingdom ( Larson, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Yadav and Kumar, 2020 ). The extensive use of antibiotics leads to their continuous enrichment through wastewater and sewage and eventual exposure to the natural environment ( Chen et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; Qiao et al, 2018 ; Alonso et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Projections show that by 2030 the main antibiotic-consuming nations should be China (30%), United States (10%), Brazil (8%), India (4%), and Mexico (2%) (Van Boeckel et al, 2015). Other reports estimate the annual consumption of antibiotics in China at about 150,000 tons to 200,000 tons in recent years, which is nearly ten times that of the United States and 150 times that of the United Kingdom (Larson, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Yadav and Kumar, 2020).…”

Detecting Antibiotic Residues Among Sheep Milk using YCT, DDA, and Acidification Method in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

“…Globally, antibiotics are used in food producing animals for therapeutic, prophylactic, metaphylactic, growth enhancement, and weight gain purposes. In such cases, the antibiotics are administered in the drinking water or feed (Yadav & Kumar, 2020;Rasschaert et al, 2020).…”