Present status of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of animal trypanosomiasis in the eastern hemisphere

Leach, T.M.; Roberts, C. J.

doi:10.1016/0163-7258(81)90069-3

Cited by 97 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…rhodesiense isolates. This will provide valuable information about the possible alternatives considering that the drugs used for treatment of sleeping sickness e.g Melarsoprol often have severe side effects, are few, costly and production may be discontinued [10]. There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that are effective, affordable and accessible to the rural poor in Africa who bear most of the disease burden [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of Bidens pilosa and Physalis peruviana Against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Mwaniki¹

2017

AJLM

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Abstract:Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease that causes death and morbidity to man, and also severely limits livestock productivity in endemic areas. It is caused by different species of trypanosomes that occur in Africa, South America and Asia. Although chemotherapy is the main method of trypanosomiasis control, the few drugs in the market are faced with challenges of drug resistance, high toxicity and very costly. There is also no likelihood of a vaccine to control new outbreaks and there are no new drugs in the market. Herbal medicines are increasingly being used as an alternative solution to the control of trypanosomiasis in endemic areas. These are cost effective and economic friendly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trypanocidal activity of Bidens Pilosa and Physalis peruviana using in-vitro and in-vivo protocols. The in-vitro trials are carried out using 96 well plates where the trypanocidal activities of the plant extracts were evaluated by calculating the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Toxicity of the herbal extract was determined by monitoring survival, weight change, lethargy and difficulty in breathing. Parasitemia development after extract administration was used as parameters to test the test compound for trypanocidal activity. In vitro results revealed that bidens pilosa had the highest activity with an MIC of 125µg/ml after 48 hours of incubation against Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense isolated from a patient in busia (KETRI 3684). Toxicity results showed that a dosage level of above 1000mg/kg body weight (highest toxicity trial dose used) of bidens pilosa caused clinical signs such as difficulty in breathing, lethargy, raised hair, loss of weight and death within five days. Invivo results revealed that Bidens pilosa had some trypanocidal effect but did not perform better than the standard drugs. It is recommend that repeat therapy could be done to clear the parasites completely. Combined therapy of bidens pilosa and physalis peruviana was recommended to see if results can create a rationale for combination therapy in elimination of the parasites. This study has showed that Bidens pilosa and Physalis peruviana have trypanocidal potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of Bidens pilosa and Physalis peruviana Against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Mwaniki¹

2017

AJLM

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“…Seyoum et al (2013) also reported the detection of the disease depends on the experience of the livestock keepers. Treatments of trypanosomosis have been reported to rely mainly on the use of chemotherapeutic drugs such as diminazene aceturate and Isometamidium chloride (Leach & Roberts, 1981;Fairlamb, 1990;Abatan, 1991;Kinabo, 1993). The result of the survey showed that a high percentage of the respondents knew what to do in the event of infection to their animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Trypanosome induced annual losses in cattle production alone were estimated in the range of 1.0-1.2 billion dollars in sub-Saharan Africa (FAO, 2002). Disease-control is based on the decimation of tsetse flies, breeding of trypanotolerant species and the prophylactic and therapeutic use of trypanocides (Leach & Roberts, 1981;Kinabo, 1993). Vector control and breeding of trypanotolerant animals have not been successful as control methods hence, the reliance on chemotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on knowledge of trypanosomosis amongst livestock farmers in Kachia and Saminaka local government areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria

Anthony¹,

Maikai²

2017

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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Animal trypanosomosis is a major constraint to livestock production and Agriculture in Africa especially Nigeria. The survey was conducted to assess the knowledge of farmers about trypanosomosis in Kachia and Saminaka Local Government Areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria. A total of two hundred questionnaires were randomly distributed to mainly animal health workers and livestock farmers to obtain relevant information. The study revealed that 32 (34.1%) and twenty four (34.3%) respondents from Kachia and Saminaka were mainly livestock farmers respectively, and 42 (44.7%) and 39 (55.7%) were between the ages of 21-40 years of age. Forty three respondents (45.8%) from Kachia and 15 (21.5%) Saminaka had knowledge of the disease and said the disease was as a result of bite by tsetsefly, with twenty eight (29.8%) Kachia and twenty nine (41.4%) Saminaka, they gave the clinical symptoms of the disease to include: -foul smell, weakness, progressive emaciation, low milk production and abortion. The respondents reported that infection of animals with the disease was associated with migration of the animals during the rainy season into the forested areas. Knowledge of management of the disease was reported by eighteen (19.1%) Kachia and fourteen 20.0%) Saminaka to include consulting of health professionals and the use of trypanocidal drugs. The survey showed that the livestock farmers did not suffer significant losses, Kachia twelve (2.8%) and Saminaka, eleven (2.0%) in their animal population as a result of the disease. The study showed that the livestock farmers had some knowledge on trypanosomosis and its management.

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“…Commercially available preparations of the trypanocidal drug Berenil contain 45'7,, (m/m) diminazene aceturate, and 55% (m/m) phenyldimethyl pyrazolone [39]. Diminazene aceturate is the active principle of this drug and is known to inhibit S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase [32] and extranuclear DNA synthesis in trypanosomes [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trypanosome oligopeptidase as a target for the trypanocidal agents pentamidine, diminazene and suramin

et al. 1998

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Present status of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of animal trypanosomiasis in the eastern hemisphere

Cited by 97 publications

References 176 publications

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> and <i>Physalis peruviana</i> Against <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> and <i>Physalis peruviana</i> Against <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>

Survey on knowledge of trypanosomosis amongst livestock farmers in Kachia and Saminaka local government areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria

A trypanosome oligopeptidase as a target for the trypanocidal agents pentamidine, diminazene and suramin

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Present status of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of animal trypanosomiasis in the eastern hemisphere

Cited by 97 publications

References 176 publications

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of &lt;i&gt;Bidens pilosa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Physalis peruviana&lt;/i&gt; Against &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense&lt;/i&gt;

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of &lt;i&gt;Bidens pilosa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Physalis peruviana&lt;/i&gt; Against &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense&lt;/i&gt;

Survey on knowledge of trypanosomosis amongst livestock farmers in Kachia and Saminaka local government areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria

A trypanosome oligopeptidase as a target for the trypanocidal agents pentamidine, diminazene and suramin

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Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> and <i>Physalis peruviana</i> Against <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>

Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> and <i>Physalis peruviana</i> Against <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>