2019
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4011
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Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature

Abstract: Immunoglobulin (Ig) D multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM comprising 2% of all the cases. Malignant plasma cell invasion leads to signs and symptoms similar to other subtypes of MM. The synthesis rate of IgD is lower in IgD MM patients, making it very difficult to diagnose compared to other subtypes. As there is no available diagnostic test with 100% accuracy, the diagnosis of IgD MM is based on multiple factors. Recent advances in the treatment have resulted in a better overall survival for IgD MM p… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…[1][2][3] IgD myeloma tends to present at a younger age, favor male gender, be of more advanced stage, and have more features of high-risk disease vs others. 3,4 Unlike other myelomas, lambda light chain predominance is a characteristic feature of IgD myeloma and is seen in 70% to 90% of cases. 4,5 Furthermore, IgD myeloma has been shown to present with higher rates of renal failure and Bence Jones proteinuria compared to other myelomas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3] IgD myeloma tends to present at a younger age, favor male gender, be of more advanced stage, and have more features of high-risk disease vs others. 3,4 Unlike other myelomas, lambda light chain predominance is a characteristic feature of IgD myeloma and is seen in 70% to 90% of cases. 4,5 Furthermore, IgD myeloma has been shown to present with higher rates of renal failure and Bence Jones proteinuria compared to other myelomas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Immunofixation electrophoresis of both blood and urine samples will be used to determine the type of M-protein. For patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) or IgD myeloma, quantitative Ig testing will also be performed because of the difficulty in assessing these disease types with SPEP [33,34]. Assessment of dFLC and SFLC ratio is not necessary if there is measurable SPEP or UPEP but SFLC ratio is required to confirm a stringent complete response (sCR), as defined by the IMWG criteria for diagnosis of MM [35].…”
Section: Study Procedures Efficacy Evaluationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Immunoglobulin D (IgD) myeloma is a rare isotype that comprises 1–2% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients [ 1 3 ], which has significantly inferior survival for a median overall survival (OS) between 13 and 21 months [ 4 6 ]. Given the lack of large cohort with comprehensive clinical and cytogenetic assessment, knowledge about IgD myeloma is obtained mostly from a limited sample size [ 7 ]. Therefore, we carried out a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, prognosis, and to develop and validate a prognostic model, including 356 patients with IgD myeloma from 14 centers of Asian Myeloma Network (AMN).…”
Section: To the Editormentioning
confidence: 99%