Although experts define the aging of the population as the most important social problem of the 21st century, the most recent research on the sociology of old age shows that we are still stuck in some aspects that hinder the correct progress of the discipline. For example, the lack of agreements on the theoretical perspectives and the difficulty of establishing the limits of it. The principal aim of this investigation is to review the scientific activity carried out on aging and, consequently, give light to the future empirical analysis of it. Methodologically, the articles published in the most specialized academic journals, mainly the most current debates, are reviewed. The work concludes with some proposals for the analysis of old age in contemporary societies.