Preservation of Blood in Acid-Citrate-Dextrose Anticoagulant Solution for More Than Twenty-one Days: Comparison of Four Solutions

Strumia, Paul V.; Strumia, Max M.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/52.6.671

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Red cells of blood stored for 35 days showed, afta regeneration, a significant increase in ATP and a 24hour posttransfusion sumval of 78.8 per cent (70.9-85.9%); red cells of blood stored for 42 days, thus regenerated, showed a similar increase in ATP and a 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 75.6 per cent (71.5-80.6%). These results were not significantly different from those obtained with 10-ml token autotransfusions of blood similarly treated, the posttransfusion survival of red cells in token transfusions being 78.8 per cent for blood stored 35 days prior to regeneration with adenineinosine and 74 per cent for blood stored for 42 days prior to regeneration. Available data on toxicity of adenine and inosine have been &tically reviewed: Chance of direct toxic effecta with the small amounts involved may be dismissed when few transfusions are involved; however, uric acid overload must be conaidered when multiple transfusions are required withii a short period of time.…”

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confidence: 52%

“…Survival studies were done using the 51Cr technic previously described. 35 Serum uric acid, serum bilirubin, and plasma and urine hemoglobin determinations were done before and after transfusion.…”

Section: Transfusion Of Blood Incubated With Adenine-inosinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within 15 minutes of collection the blood was centrifuged at 12,100 x g for 10 minutes, the supernatant was removed and the hemoglobin concentration was determined by a method previously described. 35 Using no suction the free hemoglobin values in fresh blood of healthy individuals range from two to ten mg/100 ml.…”

Section: Transfusion Of Blood Incubated With Adenine-inosinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfusion of Long Stored Whole Blood or Washed Red Blood Cells Incubated with Adenine and Inosine

Strumia

1971

Transfusion

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Full unit autotransfusions of long stored ACD blood, incubated with adenine and hosine at 37C, were given to healthy young male volunteers. Red cells of blood stored for 35 days showed, afta regeneration, a significant increase in ATP and a 24hour posttransfusion sumval of 78.8 per cent (70.9-85.9%); red cells of blood stored for 42 days, thus regenerated, showed a similar increase in ATP and a 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 75.6 per cent (71.5-80.6%). These results were not significantly different from those obtained with 10-ml token autotransfusions of blood similarly treated, the posttransfusion survival of red cells in token transfusions being 78.8 per cent for blood stored 35 days prior to regeneration with adenineinosine and 74 per cent for blood stored for 42 days prior to regeneration. Available data on toxicity of adenine and inosine have been &tically reviewed: Chance of direct toxic effecta with the small amounts involved may be dismissed when few transfusions are involved; however, uric acid overload must be conaidered when multiple transfusions are required withii a short period of time. A single washmg with saline-glucose solution reduces by 90 per cent the concentration of unmetabolized adenine and inmine, and of the product of their metabolism, hypoxanthine. The washing procedure involves a loss of only 0.55 per cent of the total red blood cell population; washing additionally reduces the amount of free hemoglobin. Washing has no effect on the ATP or red blood cell viability, and is recommended when multiple tranufusionS of cellr treated with adenine and i n k n e are required in a short period of time.THE VIABILITY of long stored blood can be regenerated by incubation with adenine and inosine (AI) at 37 C or by addition of A1 and storage at 1 C.23.31-33 Furthermore, the oxygen dissociation of heme globin of red blood cells thus treated is also improved.2-81 111 34 Several problems require further consideration before regeneration of red cells of stored blood with A1 can be recommended for more extensive clinical trials. Direct toxicity from adenine and inosine, in the small dosage recommended,31-34 can be considered rather unlikely; however, the metabolism of both adenine and inosine results in the formation of hypoxanthine, with subsequem oxidation to uric acid, and possible overload when multiple transfusions of blood thus regenerated are required in a short period of time. The present investigation is a feasibility study concerned with the question of toxicity of adenine and inosine and, therefore, with the problem of removing excess adenine and inosine and the byproducts of their metabolism by washing red blood cells. Washing of red blood cells with saline has been found to have no effect on their life span*6. 22. 24; we wished to find the effect of washing on red blood cells which had been subjected to warming at 37 C for 45 minutes during the process of regeneration with AI. We also investigated the results of transfusions of full units (450 ml) of blood treated with A1 vs the results ...

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contrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Transfusion Of Blood Incubated With Adenine-inosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transfusion Of Blood Incubated With Adenine-inosinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfusion of Long Stored Whole Blood or Washed Red Blood Cells Incubated with Adenine and Inosine

Strumia

1971

Transfusion

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Maintenance of 2, 3‐DPG and ATP Levels in Blood Stored for 30 Days at a Constant pH Obtained by Variation of CO₂

et al. 1978

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A novel procedure for storing blood at a controlled pH consists in collecting blood in a pH 8.20, Tris-CPD solution and storing it in a special recipient including a gas permeable membrane under a CO2 atmosphere. The recipient is placed in an atmosphere of variable CO2 content, so that the initial alkalinity of the preservative is balanced by dissolved CO2, the proportion of which is diminished when lactate production increases with storage. 2,3-DPG and ATP were studied at three different pH levels of approximately 7.25, 7.45, and 7.65 at 4 degrees C. The best pH for the simultaneous maintenance of 2,3-DPG and ATP was 7.65. Under these conditions, 2,3-DPG is maintained at its initial level and ATP at 55% of its initial level at the 30th day. Lactate production is linear and hemolysis moderate.

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Recent Advances in Techniques for Freezing Red Cells

Valeri¹,

Greenwalt

1970

CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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Preservation of Blood in Acid-Citrate-Dextrose Anticoagulant Solution for More Than Twenty-one Days: Comparison of Four Solutions

Cited by 3 publications

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Transfusion of Long Stored Whole Blood or Washed Red Blood Cells Incubated with Adenine and Inosine

Transfusion of Long Stored Whole Blood or Washed Red Blood Cells Incubated with Adenine and Inosine

Maintenance of 2, 3‐DPG and ATP Levels in Blood Stored for 30 Days at a Constant pH Obtained by Variation of CO₂

Recent Advances in Techniques for Freezing Red Cells

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Preservation of Blood in Acid-Citrate-Dextrose Anticoagulant Solution for More Than Twenty-one Days: Comparison of Four Solutions

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Transfusion of Long Stored Whole Blood or Washed Red Blood Cells Incubated with Adenine and Inosine

Transfusion of Long Stored Whole Blood or Washed Red Blood Cells Incubated with Adenine and Inosine

Maintenance of 2, 3‐DPG and ATP Levels in Blood Stored for 30 Days at a Constant pH Obtained by Variation of CO2

Recent Advances in Techniques for Freezing Red Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Maintenance of 2, 3‐DPG and ATP Levels in Blood Stored for 30 Days at a Constant pH Obtained by Variation of CO₂