Pressure drop and flow distribution in multiple parallel-channel configurations used in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stacks

Maharudrayya, S.; Jayanti, S.; Deshpande, Abhijit P.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.064

Cited by 122 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thereby it becomes an utmost necessity to properly understand the flow maldistribution behavior in such systems since grossly non-uniform cooling can lead to failure of certain regions of the source device. The extent of flow maldistribution in macro and minichannels are well understood from the several proposed models [6][7][8] however such models fail to predict maldistribution of flow in parallel microchannels [9] since such models either neglect frictional effects within channels or the inertial effects in the manifold while both effects are equally important in case of parallel microchannels [9]. There are several experimental and numerical reports that attempt to understand flow distribution of single phase flows in parallel microchannels [10][11][12][13], for both adiabatic and heat transfer cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle and thermohydraulic maldistribution of nanofluids in parallel microchannel systems

Maganti

Dhar

Sundararajan

et al. 2016

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Fluidic maldistribution in microscale multichannel devices requires deep understanding to achieve optimized flow and heat transfer characteristics. A thorough computational study has been performed to understand the concentration and thermo-hydraulic maldistribution of nanofluids in parallel microchannel systems using an Eulerian-Lagrangian twin phase model.The study reveals that nanofluids cannot be treated as homogeneous single phase fluids in such complex flow domains and effective property models fail drastically to predict the performance parameters. To comprehend the distribution of the particulate phase, a novel concentration maldistribution factor has been proposed. It has been observed that distribution of particles need not essentially follow the flow pattern, leading to higher thermal performance than expected from homogeneous models. Particle maldistribution has been conclusively shown to be due to various migration and diffusive phenomena like Stokesian drag, Brownian motion, thermophoretic drift, etc. The implications of particle distribution on the cooling performance have been illustrated and smart fluid effects (reduced magnitude of maximum temperature) have been observed and a mathematical model to predict the enhanced cooling performance in such flow geometries has been proposed. The article presents lucidly the effectiveness of discrete phase approach in modelling nanofluid thermo-hydraulics and sheds insight on behavior of nanofluids in complex flow domains.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle and thermohydraulic maldistribution of nanofluids in parallel microchannel systems

Maganti

Dhar

Sundararajan

et al. 2016

Microfluid Nanofluid

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“…To meet such high thermal demands, the design of microchannel cooling system has undergone several alterations and modifications in the past decades. The extent of maldistribution of the working fluid in macro and mini channel systems is well understood from the available models [2][3][4]. On the contrary, the trend of maldistribution in case of microchannels is different and such models are futile for prediction of maldistribution of fluid in parallel microchannels [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally “<italic>Smart</italic>” Characteristics of Nanofluids in Parallel Microchannel Systems to Mitigate Hot Spots in MEMS

Maganti

Dhar

Sundararajan

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manufact. Technol.

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Mitigation of 'hot spots' in MEMS employing in-situ microchannel systems requires a comprehensive picture of the maldistribution of the working fluid and uniformity of cooling within the same. In this article, detailed simulations employing parallel micro channel systems with specialized manifold-channel configurations i.e. U, I and Z have been performed. Eulerian- GHz quad core processor) under various processor load conditions has been studied and evidence of enhanced cooling of hot spots has been obtained from DPM analysis. The article sheds insight on to the behavior of non-homogeneous dispersions in complex flow domains and the caliber of nanofluids in cooling MEMS more uniformly and 'smarter' than base fluids.

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“…The existence of the liquid water keeps the membrane hydrated, but it also blocks the GDL passage, reduces the diffusion rate and the effective reacting surface area. The water formation and transport of liquid water is modelled by using a saturation model based on [20,21]. In this approach, the liquid water formation and transport is governed by the conservation equation for the volume fraction of liquid water, s, or the water saturation [22]: (12) where the subscript represents liquid water, and is the condensation rate modelled as: (13) where is added to the water vapor equation as well as the pressure correction (mass source).…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modelling of cooling channel geometry of PEM fuel cell for enhanced thermal performance

Obayopo

2018

Nig. J. Tech.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell has many distinctive features that make it an attractive alternative clean energy source, including low start-up, high power density, high efficiency, portability and remote applications. An approach to stem the thermal build-up within the fuel cell structure that could lead to degradation of the system components is by integrating cooling channels as part of flow structure of the PEM fuel cell system. In this study, a numerical investigation was carried out to determine the impact of cooling channel geometry in combination with temperature dependent operating parameters on thermal management and overall performance of a PEM fuel cell system. The evaluation is performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on a finite volume approach. The systems performances are presented as a function of the system temperature, operating parameters and cooling channel geometry. The results obtained indicate that incorporating cooling channels within the fuel cell structures improves the PEM fuel cell system performance at higher temperature of operation and optimal aspect ratio of the cooling channels exist for maximised fuel cell performance for the fuel cell model considered. In addition, the parameters studied were optimized using a mathematical optimization code integrated with the CFD code.

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Pressure drop and flow distribution in multiple parallel-channel configurations used in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stacks

Cited by 122 publications

References 10 publications

Particle and thermohydraulic maldistribution of nanofluids in parallel microchannel systems

Particle and thermohydraulic maldistribution of nanofluids in parallel microchannel systems

Thermally “<italic>Smart</italic>” Characteristics of Nanofluids in Parallel Microchannel Systems to Mitigate Hot Spots in MEMS

CFD modelling of cooling channel geometry of PEM fuel cell for enhanced thermal performance

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