Pressure infiltration processes to synthesize metal matrix composites – A review of metal matrix composites, the technology and process simulation

Etemadi, R.; Wang, B.; Pillai, Krishna M.; Niroumand, Behzad; Omrani, Emad; Rohatgi, Pradeep K.

doi:10.1080/10426914.2017.1328122

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…Due to these features, it is used in a variety of complicated industry sectors. The lightweight aluminium matrix is coupled with the hardest possible second phase material to obtain AMCs [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. MMCs are a kind of composite made up of a continuous metal phase and a conductive or non-metallic second phase material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Process Variables in the Drilling of LM6/B4C Composites through Grey Relational Analysis

et al. 2022

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The objective of this investigational analysis was to study the influence of process variables on the response during the drilling of LM6/B4C composite materials. Stir casting was employed to produce the LM6/B4C composites. A Vertical Machining Center (VMC) with a dynamometer was used to drill the holes and to record the thrust force. An L27 orthogonal array was used to carry out the experimental work. A grey relational analysis (GRA) was employed to perform optimization in order to attain the lowest Thrust Force (TF), Surface Roughness (SR) and Burr Height (BH). For minimal responses, the optimum levels of the process variables viz. the feed rate (F), spindle speed (S), drill material (D) and reinforcing percentage (R) were determined. The process variables in the drilling of the LM6/B4C composites were indeed optimized, according to confirmational investigations. The predicted Grey Relational Grade was 0.846, whereas the experimental GRG was 0.865, with a 2.2% error—indicating that the optimization process was valid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Process Variables in the Drilling of LM6/B4C Composites through Grey Relational Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…The pressure infiltration process (PIP) is an established technique to manufacture MMCs where liquid metal or alloy is injected into a dry porous medium called the preform, made of reinforcing fibers, and later solidified to create the solid composite. Such fabrication of MMCs includes two stages: infiltration and solidification [1,5,9,10]. The liquid-metal infiltration process is a complicated flow and transport phenomenon, which can involve the preferential flow of liquid metal through larger pores of the preform, the mechanical deformation of the preform, and the solidification of liquid metal on coming in contact with cooled fibers and surfaces [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation on Thermal Stresses and Solidification Microstructure for Making Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

et al. 2022

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The fabrication of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) mainly consists of two stages: infiltration and solidification, which have a significant influence on the properties of MMCs. The present study is primarily focused on the simulation of the solidification process and the effect of the active cooling of fibers with and without nickel coating for making the continuous carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The thermomechanical finite element model was established to investigate the effects of different cooling conditions on the temperature profile and thermal stress distributions based on the simplified physical model. The predicted results of the temperature distribution agree well with the results of the references. Additionally, a three-dimensional cellular automata (CA) finite element (FE) model is used to simulate the microstructure evolution of the solidification process by using ProCAST software. The results show that adding a nickel coating can make the heat flux smaller in the melt, which is favorable for preventing debonding at the coating/fiber and alloy interface and obtaining a finer microstructure. In the presence of the nickel coating, the number of grains increases significantly, and the average grain size decreases, which can improve the properties of the resultant composite materials. Meanwhile, the predicting results also show that the interfaces of fiber–coating, fiber–melt, and coating–melt experience higher temperature gradients and thermal stresses. These results will lead to the phenomenon of stress concentration and interface failure. Thus, it was demonstrated that these simulation methods could be helpful for studying the solidification of fiber-reinforced MMCs and reducing the number of trial-and-error experiments.

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“…The PM method entraps porosity into the substrate and deteriorates tensile properties (Bains et al, 2016;Rayat et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017). The LM route is associated with particle agglomeration and inevitable casting defects (Etemadi et al, 2018;Faleh et al, 2017;Farina et al, 2018;Foratirad et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2019Singh et al, , 2017Suthar and Patel, 2018;Yigezu et al, 2013). The MA results in poor ductility due to unavoidable impurities and inhomogeneous microstructure (Ji et al, 2007a(Ji et al, , 2007bSuryanarayana and Al-Joubori, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on in-situ aluminum metal matrix composites manufactured via friction stir processing: meeting on-ground industrial applications

Prabhu¹,

Bajakke²,

Malik³

2021

WJE

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Purpose In-situ aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) have taken over the use of ex-situ AMMC due to the generation of finer and thermodynamically stable intermetallic compounds. However, conventional processing routes pose inevitable defects like porosity and agglomeration of particles. This paper aims to study current state of progress in in-situ AMMC fabricated by Friction Stir Processing. Design/methodology/approach Friction stir processing (FSP) has successfully evolved to be a favorable in-situ composite manufacturing technique. The dynamics of the process account for a higher plastic strain of 35 and a strain rate of 75 per second. These processing conditions are responsible for grain evolution from rolled grain → dislocation walls and dislocation tangles → subgrains → dislocation multiplication → new grains. Working of matrix and reinforcement under ultra-high strain rate and shorter exposure time to high temperatures produce ultra-fine grains. Do the grain evolution modes include subgrain boundaries → subgrain boundaries and high angle grain boundaries → high angle grain boundaries. Findings Further, the increased strain and strain rate can shave and disrupt the oxide layer on the surface of particles and enhance wettability between the constituents. The frictional heat generated by tool and workpiece interaction is sufficient enough to raise the temperature to facilitate the exothermic reaction between the constituents. The heat released during the exothermic reaction can even raise the temperature and accelerate the reaction kinetics. In addition, heat release may cause local melting of the matrix material which helps to form strong interfacial bonds. Originality/value This article critically reviews the state of the art in the fabrication of in-situ AMMC through FSP. Further, FSP as a primary process and post-processing technique in the synthesis of in-situ AMMC are also dealt with.

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Pressure infiltration processes to synthesize metal matrix composites – A review of metal matrix composites, the technology and process simulation

Cited by 60 publications

References 228 publications

Optimization of Process Variables in the Drilling of LM6/B4C Composites through Grey Relational Analysis

Optimization of Process Variables in the Drilling of LM6/B4C Composites through Grey Relational Analysis

Numerical Simulation on Thermal Stresses and Solidification Microstructure for Making Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

A review on in-situ aluminum metal matrix composites manufactured via friction stir processing: meeting on-ground industrial applications

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