Pressure of Climatic Factors on Sheep Bluetongue Epidemics in Tamil Nadu

Kumar, Sharath; Selvaraj, Patturaja; Veeraselvam, M.; Kumar, Manoj; Yogeshpriya, S.; Reddy, Y Krishna Mohan

doi:10.32474/cdvs.2018.01.000106

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The result showed a remarkable difference (p<0.01) in the seroprevalence of BTV antibodies at different locations of the study areas. This might be due to diverse climatic condition of Darchula including hot and humid temperature following monsoon that favours for the vector growth and activity (Kumar et al, 2018). Moreover, the district share open boarder with India and China, where several outbreaks of bluetongue disease have been reported ( Joardar et al, 2013;Bitew et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Puri¹,

Tiwary²,

Regmi³

et al. 2022

SJA

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B luetongue disease is an emerging, economically important vector-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. It is caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV) belonging to the Orbivirus Genus of the Reoviridae family (Mozaffari and Khalili, 2012). So far, 26 distinct serotypes of BTV have been identified (Khair et al., 2014). BTV infects animals throughout the world, lying between latitude 40 o N and 35 o S.However, the virus has spread far beyond the aforementioned range (Sperlova and Zendulkova, 2011). The prevalence of bluetongue disease correlates with the distribution of competent culicoides vectors and appropriate climatic conditions (Raut et al., 2013). Bluetongue disease has been included in "List A" disease of Office of International Epizootic (OIE) due to its enormous potential for rapid spread and substantial economic losses arising from poor weight gain, production loss, increase in reproductive prob-Abstract | This study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Bluetongue disease and understand its associated risk factors from the international border areas of Nepal. A total of 220 blood samples were collected randomly from apparently healthy ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) and screened for Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in sera using a cELISA kit. Out of 220 sera samples, 92 were positive for BTV, accounting for 41.8% prevalence in ruminants. Seroprevalence rate was the highest in Buffaloes (58.3%) followed by sheep and goats (each 40%), and cattle (37.5%). The BTV seropositivity varied significantly (p<0.001) among ruminants in different sampling areas with the highest prevalence in Gokuleshwor (66.6%). Interestingly, the BTV was detected higher (p<0.01) in females (48.36%) and older ruminants (49.12%). The seroprevalence of BTV showed a significant association (p<0.01) with vector density and resulted in 46.5% of seropositivity. It was concluded that bluetongue disease exists in the international border areas of Nepal and its prevalence was widespread among cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. The present study showed sex, age and vector population as the main influential risk factors for BTV infection. Further studies are imperative to identify the vector from different agro-climatic zones at the species level and to serotype the BTV prevalent in the study areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Puri¹,

Tiwary²,

Regmi³

et al. 2022

SJA

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“…C. kumbaensis from the south-west region was replaced by C. distinctipennis in this study, although both species have previously been reported in former British Southern Cameroon [ 4 , 13 ]. These differences in species diversity and abundance may be influenced by the type of ecosystem, ecological alterations, periods of collection or the proximity of other animals [ 26 , 27 ]. For instance, the presence of C. distinctipennis in the rain forest area of the Littoral Region may be accounted for by the presence of boggy ground that is thinly covered with grass and decumbent plants [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culicoides Species of the Rain Forest Belt of the Littoral Region of Cameroon: Their Incrimination in the Transmission of Mansonella perstans

Ebai,

Kien,

Fombad

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Biting midges belonging to the genus Culicoides are tiny stout-shaped hematophagous insects and are thought to transmit the filarial nematode Mansonella perstans. Little is known about the Culicoides fauna in the rain forest belt of the Littoral Region of Cameroon. This study was designed to investigate the diversity, abundance and distribution of Culicoides spp. and their role as the purported vector(s) of M. perstans. Overnight light trap collections and human landing catches (HLCs) revealed eight species of Culicoides with C. grahamii being the most abundant species followed by C. milnei. Four anthropophilic species (C. inornatipennis, C. grahamii, C. fulvithorax and C. milnei) were determined by the HLCs with a higher abundance in the 4–6 p.m. collections. The drop trap technique and Mp419 LAMP assay confirmed C. milnei to be the most efficient vector in enabling the development of the microfilarial stage to the infective larval form of M. perstans. The LAMP assay also revealed that natural transmission of this nematode is fostered by C. milnei and C. grahamii in the wild. In conclusion, C. milnei was shown to be the main vector of M. perstans in the rain forest belt of the Littoral Region of Cameroon.

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“…They occur during the late summer and autumn closely related to climatic and ecological factors which in turn influence the abundance and survival of the vectors. These factors include temperature (Wittman et al, 2002), vegetation index (Carpenter et al, 2009), relative humidity (Carpenter et al, 2009;kumar et al, 2018), wind speeds (Ducheyne et al 2007;Carpentier et al, 2008;Baylis et al, 2010), higher rainfall in the preceding month of the occurrence of the disease (Gloster et al, 2008;Eticha andMekonne, 2019), elevation (Hendricks et al, 2008;Guis et al, 2012), livestock distribution (van Schaik et al, 2008Jacquot et al, 2017 ) and soil types (Purse et al, 2004). There are many dynamic climate zones in Tunisia with different agriculture practices and different livestock distribution among regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of eco-climatic factors in the distribution of bluetongue in endemic areas in Tunisia

Hassine,

Sghaier,

Thabet

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Bluetongue (BT) is an OIE-listed disease of ruminants caused by a Bluetongue virus (BTV) of the Orbivirus genus within the family Reoviridae and transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. BTV circulation has been described in North African countries and many BTV emergences in Europe were related to the wind-driven dissemination of infected midges from those countries. During the fall of 2020 (September and October), an epizootic of BT linked to BTV4 marked the epidemiological situation in several delegations of Tunisia with clinical cases recorded in sheep and cattle. Eco-climatic variables are known to influence the Culicoides presence and abundance and, therefore, the probability of occurrence of BT. A logistic regression model (LRM) was used to examine which eco-climatic variables were most likely associated with delegations reported BT cases. Eco-climatic variables included: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Day Land Surface Temperature (DLST), Night Land Surface Temperature (NLST), precipitation, elevation, cattle and sheep distribution. Our findings, based on the LRM, demonstrate that the key factors that contributed significantly to BT cases distribution among delegations in Tunisia included DLST and NDVI. Positive correlation between sheep distribution and rainfall amounts was demonstrated. Statistical analysis focusing on the most affected delegations during the BT epidemic (the Sahel and the Centre of Tunisia) demonstrated that the epidemic situation seems to be a consequence of the combination of the following environmental parameters: NDVI with values ranging between 0.16-0.3, moderate rainfall 2-4-fold above the normal (10-50 mm) and DLST values between 32 and 34°C.

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Pressure of Climatic Factors on Sheep Bluetongue Epidemics in Tamil Nadu

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Culicoides Species of the Rain Forest Belt of the Littoral Region of Cameroon: Their Incrimination in the Transmission of Mansonella perstans

Significance of eco-climatic factors in the distribution of bluetongue in endemic areas in Tunisia

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