Pressure shifts and broadening of the Cs D1 and D2 lines by He, N2, and Xe at densities used for optical pumping and spin exchange polarization

Couture, A.; Clegg, Tom; Driehuys, Bastiaan

doi:10.1063/1.3018181

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Further theoretical analysis suggests that a [Xe] 1/3 , [Kr] 1/3 , and [N 2 ] 1/3 functional form provides a reasonably good description of the absorption linewidth behavior over the studied pressure range. The non-linear Rb D 1 line dependence on gas density dependence is in contrast to the linear gas density dependence usually found for alkali metal D 1 or D 2 transitions (see for instance [46], [65]). The cause for this unexpected behavior was not further investigated and the exact functional description would benefit from refinement in future research.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

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Pathway to Cryogen Free Production of Hyperpolarized Krypton-83 and Xenon-129

et al. 2012

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Hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe and hp 83Kr for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are typically obtained through spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) in gas mixtures with dilute concentrations of the respective noble gas. The usage of dilute noble gases mixtures requires cryogenic gas separation after SEOP, a step that makes clinical and preclinical applications of hp 129Xe MRI cumbersome. For hp 83Kr MRI, cryogenic concentration is not practical due to depolarization that is caused by quadrupolar relaxation in the condensed phase. In this work, the concept of stopped flow SEOP with concentrated noble gas mixtures at low pressures was explored using a laser with 23.3 W of output power and 0.25 nm linewidth. For 129Xe SEOP without cryogenic separation, the highest obtained MR signal intensity from the hp xenon-nitrogen gas mixture was equivalent to that arising from 15.5±1.9% spin polarized 129Xe in pure xenon gas. The production rate of the hp gas mixture, measured at 298 K, was 1.8 cm3/min. For hp 83Kr, the equivalent of 4.4±0.5% spin polarization in pure krypton at a production rate of 2 cm3/min was produced. The general dependency of spin polarization upon gas pressure obtained in stopped flow SEOP is reported for various noble gas concentrations. Aspects of SEOP specific to the two noble gas isotopes are discussed and compared with current theoretical opinions. A non-linear pressure broadening of the Rb D1 transition was observed and taken into account for the qualitative description of the SEOP process.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…The rubidium absorption linewidth in the presence of pure krypton, xenon, N 2 , and a Xe - N 2 mixture was measured through absorption experiments similar to those by Driehuys and co-workers [46]. An incandescent light source with a consistent emission over the observed wavelengths irradiated the SEOP cell in place of the laser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Pathway to Cryogen Free Production of Hyperpolarized Krypton-83 and Xenon-129

et al. 2012

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“…For the determination of the respective pressure the absorption spectra were fitted by Lorentz profiles. Using the data from Couture [32], broadening as well as shifting of the absorption lines with reference to a vacuum cell delivered consistent values of 20, 125, and 250 mbar at 130 °C for low, medium, and high pressure, respectively. All absorption curves are normalized to their individual maximum.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

An Optically Pumped Magnetometer Working in the Light-Shift Dispersed Mz Mode

Schultze

Schillig

IJsselsteijn³

et al. 2017

Sensors

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We present an optically pumped magnetometer working in a new operational mode—the light-shift dispersed Mz (LSD-Mz) mode. It is realized combining various features; (1) high power off-resonant optical pumping; (2) Mz configuration, where pumping light and magnetic field of interest are oriented parallel to each other; (3) use of small alkali metal vapor cells of identical properties in integrated array structures, where two such cells are pumped by circularly polarized light of opposite helicity; and (4) subtraction of the Mz signals of these two cells. The LSD-Mz magnetometer’s performance depends on the inherent and very complex interplay of input parameters. In order to find the configuration of optimal magnetometer resolution, a sensitivity analysis of the input parameters by means of Latin Hypercube Sampling was carried out. The resulting datasets of the multi-dimensional parameter space exploration were assessed by a subsequent physically reasonable interpretation. Finally, the best shot-noise limited magnetic field resolution was determined within that parameter space. As the result, using two 50 mm3 integrated vapor cells a magnetic field resolution below 10 fT/√Hz at Earth’s magnetic field strength is possible.

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“…Measurements were also performed to check that the laser line width is constant with wavelength in the ≈ 1 nm tuning range; in this range the power change is negligible (≈ 2%). There exists a small amount of emission which is not narrowed, seen in figure 2 (a) as a small hump centered at A typical absorption spectrum is shown in figure 2 (c) for a gas mixture at 1.4 amg with a Lorentzian fit using the procedure detailed by Couture et al [29]. The D 1 resonance was measured to be 794.77 ± 0.02 nm, with no observable shift with gas density within the range studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Couture et al [29]. The laser power was measured at the cell location using a large area power meter (Gentec -EO, Canada).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of X129e polarization by off-resonant spin exchange optical pumping

Parnell

Deppe

Parra‐Robles

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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A high power narrow line width (38W, 0.09nm FWHM) external cavity diode laser is investigated for rubidium spin exchange optical pumping of 129 Xe. This tunable photon source has a constant line width, independent of operating power or wavelength within a 1 nm tuning range. When using this laser, an increase in the 129 Xe nuclear polarisation is observed when optically pumping at a lower wavelength than the measured Rb electron D 1 absorption. The exact detuning from D 1 for the highest polarisation is dependent upon the gas density. Furthermore, at high power and/or high Rb density, a reduction of the polarisation occurs at the optimum wavelength as previously reported in SEOP studies of 3 He which is consistent with high absorption close to the cell front face. These results are encouraging for moderate high throughput polarisation of 129 Xe in the mid pressure range of (0.5-2.0 amg). * Electronic address: S.R.Parnell@Sheffield.ac.uk † Electronic address: J.M. Wild@Sheffield.ac.uk

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Pressure shifts and broadening of the Cs D1 and D2 lines by He, N2, and Xe at densities used for optical pumping and spin exchange polarization

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inAn isolated line-shape model based on the Keilson-Storer function for velocity changes. II. Molecular dynamics simulations and the Q(1) lines for pure H 2

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Pathway to Cryogen Free Production of Hyperpolarized Krypton-83 and Xenon-129

Pathway to Cryogen Free Production of Hyperpolarized Krypton-83 and Xenon-129

An Optically Pumped Magnetometer Working in the Light-Shift Dispersed Mz Mode

Enhancement of X129e polarization by off-resonant spin exchange optical pumping

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