Prestack migration of areal shot records with phase encoding

Sun, Peng; Zhang, Shulun; Liu, Faqi

doi:10.1190/1.1816858

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Phase encoding is a well-established technique for decreasing the cost of seismic imaging by linearly combining the shot records, while maintaining the image quality (Schultz and Claerbout, 1978;Whitmore, 1995;Romero et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2006;Duquet and Lailly, 2006). Wavefields are usually phase-encoded in the data space simply because conventional wavefields are initiated and recorded at the boundaries of the reflection seismic problem.…”

Section: Phase Encoding the Modeling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To decrease seismic imaging cost, using the concept of generalized sources, wavefields are usually phase-encoded using phase functions like the planewave phase function (Schultz and Claerbout, 1978;Whitmore, 1995;Liu et al, 2006;Duquet and Lailly, 2006) and random phase functions (Romero et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2002). Recently, phase-encoded wavefields have also been applied to velocity estimation by waveform inversion (Vigh and Starr, 2008;Ben-Hadj-Ali et al, 2009;Krebs et al, 2009) and migration-velocity analysis using wavefield extrapolation (Shen and Symes, 2008;Guerra et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration-velocity Analysis Using Image-space Generalized Wavefields

Cardoso¹,

Biondi²

2011

73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2011

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An accurate depth-velocity model is the key for obtaining good quality and reliable depth images in areas of complex geology. In such areas, velocity-model definition should use methods that describe the complexity of wavefield propagation, such as focusing and defocusing, multiple arrivals, and frequency-dependent velocity sensitivity. Wave-equation tomography in the image space has the ability to handle these issues because it uses wavefields as carriers of information. However, its high cost and low flexibility for parametrizing the model space has prevented its routine industrial use.This thesis aims at overcoming those limitations by using new wavefields as carriers of information: the image-space generalized wavefields. These wavefields are synthesized by using a pre-stack generalization of the exploding-reflector model. Cost of wave-equation tomography in the image space is decreased because only a small number of image-space generalized wavefields are necessary to accurately describe the kinematics of velocity errors and because these wavefields can be easily used in a target-oriented way. Flexibility is naturally incorporated into wave-equation tomography in the image space by using these wavefields because their modeling have as the initial conditions some key selected reflectors, allowing a layer-based parametrization of the model space.To use the image-space generalized wavefields in wave-equation tomography in the image space, the method is extended from the shot-profile domain to the image-space generalized-sources domain. In this new domain, the velocity updates are very fast. ER denotes Easily Reproducible and are the results of processing described in the paper. The author claims that you can reproduce such a figure from the programs, parameters, and makefiles included in the electronic document. The data must either be included in the electronic distribution, be easily available to all researchers (e.g., SEG-EAGE data sets), or be available in the SEP data library 2 . We assume you have a UNIX workstation with Fortran, Fortran90, C, X-Windows system and the software downloadable from our website (SEP synthetic data examples associated with this report are classified as NR because they were generated externally to SEP and only the results were released by agreement.Our testing is currently limited to LINUX 2.6 (using the Intel Fortran90 I thank Biondo Biondi, my adviser, for always being a source of encouragement and a reference on academic honesty. His attitude made clearer to me both the importance of obtaining good results and the usefulness of the bad ones, which deserve to be brought to light. I thank Jon Claerbout for initiating us students into the mysteries of inverse problems and for sharing his contagious enthusiasm for doing research. I admire his energy, curiosity, and serendipity. Bob Clapp has constantly been steps ahead of everyone in looking for computational solutions that best fit the type and size of geophysical problems we propose to solve. Also, his knowledge about ...

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Section: Phase Encoding the Modeling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration-velocity Analysis Using Image-space Generalized Wavefields

Cardoso¹,

Biondi²

2011

73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2011

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“…Phase-encoding is a well stablished technique for decreasing the cost of seismic imaging by linearly combining the shot records (Schultz and Claerbout, 1978;Whitmore, 1995;Romero et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2006;Duquet and Lailly, 2006). In general, phase-encoding is performed in the data space.…”

Section: The Prestack Exploding-reflector Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast 3D migration-velocity analysis by wavefield extrapolation using the prestack exploding-reflector model

Guerra

Biondi

2011

GEOPHYSICS

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In areas of complex geology, migration-velocity estimation should use methods that describe the complexity of wavefield propagation, such as focusing and defocusing, multipathing, and frequency-dependent velocity sensitivity. Migration-velocity analysis by wavefield extrapolation has the ability to address these issues because, in contrast to ray-based methods, it uses wavefields as carriers of information. However, its high cost and lack of flexibility with respect to model parametrization and to target-oriented analysis have prevented its routine industrial use. We overcome those limitations by using new types of wavefield as carriers of information: the image-space generalized wavefields. These wavefields are synthesized from a prestack image computed with wavefield-extrapolation methods, using the pre-stack exploding-reflector model. Cost of migration-velocity analysis by wavefield extrapolation 1 is decreased because only a small number of image-space generalized wavefields are necessary to accurately describe the kinematics of velocity errors and because these wavefields can be easily used in a target-oriented way. Flexibility is naturally incorporated because modeling these wavefields has as the initial conditions selected reflectors, which allow use of a horizon-based parametrization of the model space. In a 3D example of the North Sea, we show that using wavefields synthesized by the prestack exploding-reflector model greatly improves efficiency of migration-velocity analysis by wavefield extrapolation, while yielding a final migration-velocity model that is accurate as evidenced by well focused and structurally reasonable reflectors.2

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“…Phase‐encoding migration strategies (Whitmore ; Scott and Curtis ; Liu et al . ; Sun, Zhang and Liu ; Liu et al . ) utilise the linearity of the wave equation to reduce the number of wavefield extrapolations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration

Zhao

Sen

Stoffa

2017

Geophysical Prospecting

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We develop a new time‐domain reverse‐time migration method called double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration that uses plane‐wave transformed gathers. Original shot gathers with appropriate data acquisition geometry are double slant stacked into the double plane‐wave domain with minimal slant stacking artefacts. The range of plane‐wave components needed for migration can be determined by estimating the maximum time dips present in shot gathers. This reduces the total number of input traces for migration and increases migration efficiency. Unlike the pre‐stack shot‐profile reverse‐time migration where the number of forward propagations is proportional to the number of shots, the number of forward propagations needed for the proposed method remains constant and is relatively small even for large seismic datasets. Therefore, the proposed method can improve the efficiency of the migration and be suitable for migrating large datasets. Double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration can be performed for selected plane‐wave components to obtain subsurface interfaces with different dips, which makes the migration method target oriented. This feature also makes the method a useful tool for migration velocity analysis. For example, we are able to promptly obtain trial images with nearly horizontal interfaces and adjust velocity models according to common image gathers. Seismic signal coming from steeply dipping interfaces can be included into the migration to build images with more detailed structures and higher spatial resolution as better velocity models become available. Illumination compensation imaging conditions for the proposed method are also introduced to obtain images with balanced amplitudes.

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Prestack migration of areal shot records with phase encoding

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Migration-velocity Analysis Using Image-space Generalized Wavefields

Migration-velocity Analysis Using Image-space Generalized Wavefields

Fast 3D migration-velocity analysis by wavefield extrapolation using the prestack exploding-reflector model

Double plane‐wave reverse‐time migration

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