Presumptive Albendazole Toxicosis in 12 Alpacas

Gruntman, Alisha M.; Nolen-Walston, Rose; Parry, N.; Wilborn, Robyn R.; Maxwell, Herris S.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0324.x

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1 , 2 Limited knowledge of South American camelid drug disposition and metabolism remains a concern when recommending benzimidazole anthelmintics for parasitism. 3 Furthermore, the common use of benzimidazoles in alpacas is currently associated with significant anthelmintic resistance. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma concentrations of fenbendazole (FBZ) and oxfendazole in alpacas (Lama pacos) after single intravenous and oral dosing of FBZ

Lakritz¹,

Linden

Anderson³

et al. 2015

VMRR

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The objective of this study was to determine plasma pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of fenbendazole (FBZ) and oxfendazole (OFZ) after intravenous (iv) and oral administrations of FBZ (5 mg/kg) to alpacas. Plasma concentrations of FBZ and OFZ after administration of FBZ iv and orally (5 mg/kg) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Total clearance (CL) of FBZ was 16.5±4 mL/kg/min (range: 4–31 mL/kg/min), and steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) was 3.3±1 L/kg (range: 1.7–7.4 L/kg). The terminal phase half-life of FBZ after iv administration was 5.9±3.8 hours (range: 0.8–20 hours). After oral administration, the FBZ terminal phase half-life was 23±5 hours (range: 9–37 hours) and the systemic bioavailability of FBZ was 16%±6% (range: 1%–41%). Peak FBZ concentrations after oral administration were 0.13±0.05 µg/mL (range: 0.05–0.28 µg/mL) at 10 hours (range: 8–12 hours). Peak plasma OFZ concentrations after oral dosing with FBZ (5 mg/kg) were 0.14±0.05 µg/mL (0.05–0.3 µg/mL) at 24±7 hours (range: 12–48 hours). FBZ clearance is lower in comparison to that of other species. Systemic availability of FBZ after oral administration is low after oral dosing. Metabolites of FBZ produced by alpacas are similar to those observed in other species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma concentrations of fenbendazole (FBZ) and oxfendazole in alpacas (Lama pacos) after single intravenous and oral dosing of FBZ

Lakritz¹,

Linden

Anderson³

et al. 2015

VMRR

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“…The dose of oral albendazole administered just prior to referral was not recorded. However, albendazole toxicity has been reported in alpacas at doses as low as 19 mg/kg, with effects ranging from alopecia to death [ 17 , 18 ]. This knowledge may result in caution amongst veterinary practitioners when calculating dosages, especially when weight cannot be accurately ascertained, and may inadvertently lead to ineffective doses being administered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute fasciolosis in an alpaca: a case report

Hayes¹,

O'Brien

Wolfe

et al. 2021

BMC Vet Res

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Background The popularity of new world camelids, particularly alpacas, is growing rapidly in Ireland, presenting a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners who may not have worked with these species previously. To the authors’ knowledge, the clinical course of a case of acute fasciolosis in an alpaca has not previously been reported, and fasciolosis has not been reported at all in alpacas in Ireland, making this case report a valuable addition to the current literature. Case presentation A three-year-old male castrated huacaya alpaca was admitted to UCD Veterinary Hospital with a two-day history of colic and tenesmus. He had been treated with albendazole, dexamethasone and potentiated amoxycillin by the referring veterinary practitioner with no response. On initial clinical exam, sensitivity to abdominal palpation was the only abnormality. However, the alpaca proceeded to show abnormal lying positions, tenesmus and reduced faecal output over the next 24 h. A general blood panel demonstrated moderate anaemia, marked hyperglobulinaemia and moderately increased hepatocellular and hepatobiliary enzyme activity. Abdominal radiography revealed enlargement of the first forestomach compartment without evidence of gastrointestinal obstruction or peritonitis. An abdominal ultrasound exam revealed an elongated, heterogenous mass in the caudoventral abdomen that appeared to be contiguous with the liver. FNA of this mass revealed that it was in fact a liver lobe with biliary stasis and inflammation. Faecal sedimentation demonstrated Fasciola hepatica eggs. In spite of treatment with triclabendazole and supportive treatment including blood transfusion, the alpaca’s condition continued to deteriorate and he was euthanised. On post-mortem exam, acute fasciolosis was diagnosed. Conclusions The clinical presentation and course of a case of acute fasciolosis in an individual alpaca is described, including the results of a range of diagnostic tests that were carried out. The final diagnosis is supported by a description of post-mortem findings. This information will serve as a resource for veterinary practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.

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“…Suspected albendazole toxicity has been reported in alpaca herds (Gruntman et al, 2009). Clinical signs such as severe watery diarrhoea, hypoproteinaemia, neutropenia, and hyperlactataemia occurred and most animals died within 72 h following the last albendazole application.…”

Section: Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 98%