Presumptive caudal cerebellar artery infarct in a dog: clinical and MRI findings

Gaitero, Lluís; Añor, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00812.x

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Neurological signs such as depression, head tilt, generalized ataxia, and unilateral postural reaction deficits were reported, as was also the case in the present study. Dogs with CCeA infarction additionally experienced disorientation, rolling episodes, and hyperextended forelimbs [ 10 , 21 ]. It is likely that there is an anatomical explanation for the low prevalence of caudal cerebellar infarction, as the CCeA originates from the vertebrobasilar system unlike the RCeA that originates from the circle of Willis [ 1 – 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological signs in 23 dogs with suspected rostral cerebellar ischaemic stroke

Thomsen

Garosi²,

Skerritt

et al. 2015

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundIn dogs with ischaemic stroke, a very common site of infarction is the cerebellum. The aim of this study was to characterise neurological signs in relation to infarct topography in dogs with suspected cerebellar ischaemic stroke and to report short-term outcome confined to the hospitalisation period. A retrospective multicentre study of dogs with suspected cerebellar ischaemic stroke examined from 2010–2015 at five veterinary referral hospitals was performed. Findings from clinical, neurological, and paraclinical investigations including magnetic resonance imaging were assessed.ResultsTwenty-three dogs, 13 females and 10 males with a median age of 8 years and 8 months, were included in the study. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (n = 9) was a commonly represented breed. All ischaemic strokes were located to the vascular territory of the rostral cerebellar artery including four extensive and 19 limited occlusions. The most prominent neurological deficits were gait abnormalities (ataxia with hypermetria n = 11, ataxia without hypermetria n = 4, non-ambulatory n = 6), head tilt (n = 13), nystagmus (n = 8), decreased menace response (n = 7), postural reaction deficits (n = 7), and proprioceptive deficits (n = 5). Neurological signs appeared irrespective of the infarct being classified as extensive or limited. All dogs survived and were discharged within 1–10 days of hospitalisation.ConclusionsDogs affected by rostral cerebellar ischaemic stroke typically present with a collection of neurological deficits characterised by ataxia, head tilt, and nystagmus irrespective of the specific cerebellar infarct topography. In dogs with peracute to acute onset of these neurological deficits, cerebellar ischaemic stroke should be considered an important differential diagnosis, and neuroimaging investigations are indicated. Although dogs are often severely compromised at presentation, short-term prognosis is excellent and rapid clinical improvement may be observed within the first week following the ischaemic stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the reported cases of cerebellar stroke in dogs are related to the area of the RCeA [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 16 , 18 – 20 ], whereas CCeA related events seem rare [ 10 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological signs in 23 dogs with suspected rostral cerebellar ischaemic stroke

Thomsen

Garosi²,

Skerritt

et al. 2015

Acta Vet Scand

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“…In dogs, CCA infarction has only been reported in two dogs ( 2 , 5 ), and therefore appears to be less common than RCA infarction ( 6 , 7 ). Humans with PICA infarction, deemed the equivalent of the CCA ( 2 ), have a poorer prognosis than infarcts involving the anterior cerebellar circulation, due to higher tendency of severe mass effect and brainstem compression ( 3 ). The vascular supply of the canine and feline brain differs and this may contribute to differences in cerebrovascular disease incidence and distribution between species ( 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Infarcts of the caudal cerebellar artery (CCA) have never been described in cats. In dogs CCA infarcts are uncommonly reported and associated with vestibular signs ( 2 ). Differently, within the cerebrovascular accidents affecting human beings, cerebellar infarct involving the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are not uncommon ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presumed Caudal Cerebellar Artery Infarction in Three Cats: Neurological Signs, MRI Findings, and Outcome

Taeymans¹,

Spencer

Cherubini³

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a relatively common condition in dogs but infrequent in cats, with acute or peracute onset of non-progressive neurological signs. Cerebellar artery infarction appears to be very uncommon in cats, with only two cases reported affecting the rostral cerebellar artery (RCA). This study aims to report for the first time the neurological signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and outcome in three cats diagnosed with presumed caudal cerebellar artery (CCA) infarction. Unique presentation of vestibular signs associated with CCA in three cats and similarities between dogs and humans are discussed.

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“…Ischemic stroke is a deprivation of blood flow leading to brain necrosis and most commonly occurs due to vascular occlusion by embolus or thrombus [11,12]. These kinds of cerebrovascular accidents are commonly described in dogs [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] with few descriptions in cats [21,22]. Although a large percentage of them have an unknown etiology, several underlying causes have been recognized including hypertension, endocrine, kidney, heart, and metastatic diseases [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presumptive Ischemic Brain Infarction in a Dog with Evans’ Syndrome

Giannuzzi¹,

Simone²,

Ricciardi³

et al. 2014

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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A ten-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog was referred for pale mucous membrane and acute onset of right prosencephalic clinical signs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive for right middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke. Based on cell blood count, serum biochemistry and serologic tests and flow cytometric detection of anti-platelets and anti-red blood cells antibodies, a diagnosis of immunomediated haemolytic anemia associated with thrombocytopenia of suspected immunomediated origin was done. Immunosuppresive therapy with prednisone was started and the dog clinically recovered. Two months later complete normalization of CBC and serum biochemistry was documented. The dog remained stable for 7 months without therapy; then she relapsed. CBC revealed mild regenerative anemia with spherocytosis and thrombocytopenia. A conclusive Evans’ syndrome diagnosis was done and prednisone and cyclosporine treatment led to normalization of physical and CBC parameters. The dog is still alive at the time the paper submitted. Possible thrombotic etiopathogenetic mechanisms are illustrated in the paper and the authors suggest introducing Evans’ syndrome in the differential diagnosis list for brain ischemic stroke in dogs.

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Presumptive caudal cerebellar artery infarct in a dog: clinical and MRI findings

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Neurological signs in 23 dogs with suspected rostral cerebellar ischaemic stroke

Neurological signs in 23 dogs with suspected rostral cerebellar ischaemic stroke

Presumed Caudal Cerebellar Artery Infarction in Three Cats: Neurological Signs, MRI Findings, and Outcome

Presumptive Ischemic Brain Infarction in a Dog with Evans’ Syndrome

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