Presumptive common precursor for neuronal and glial cell lineages in mouse hypothalamus.

Vitry, F. De; Picart, R; Jacque, C.; Legault, Laurent; Dupouey, P.; Tixier-Vidal, A

doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.4165

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Studies of differentiation have generally been limited to either the examination of the expression of multiple cell type specific properties in putative pluripotential stem cells both in vivo (23,24) and in vitro (25,26) and in transformed cell lines (27)(28)(29) or to examination of the expression of predetermined properties in response to extracellular signals (i.e., maturation) (1-3). Studies of pluripotential cells have not included observations of the effects of inducing agents on the expression of cell-type-specific properties in the pluripotential cells or on the derivative cell types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-type-specific responses of RT4 neural cell lines to dibutyryl-cAMP: branch determination versus maturation.

Droms¹,

Sueoka²

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This report describes the induction of celltype-specific maturation, by dibutyryl-cAMP and testololactone, of neuronal and glial properties in a family of cell lines derived from a rat peripheral neurotumor, RT4. This maturation allows further understanding of the process of determination because of the close lineage relationship between the cell types of the RT4 family. The RT4 family is characterized by the spontaneous conversion of one of the cell types, RT4-AC (stem-cell type), to any of three derivative cell types, RT4-B, RT4-D, or RT4-E, with a frequency of about i0-5. The RT4-AC cells express some properties characteristic of both neuronal and glial cells. Of these neural properties expressed by RT4-AC cells, only the neuronal properties are expressed by the RT4-B and RT4-E cells, and only the glial properties are expressed by the RT4-D cells. This in vitro cell-type conversion of RT4-AC to three derivative cell types is a branch point for the coordinate regulation of several properties and seems to resemble determination in vivo. In our standard culture conditions, several other neuronal and glial properties are not expressed by these cell types. However, addition of dibutyrylcAMP induces expression of additional properties, in a celltype-specific manner: formation of long cellular processes in the RT4-B8 and RT4-E5 cell lines and expression of highaffinity uptake of y-aminobutyric acid, by a glial-cell-specific mechanism, in the RT4-D6-2 cell line. These new properties are maximally expressed 2-3 days after addition of dibutyrylcAMP. This indicates that conversion of RT4-AC to the derivative cell types is also a branch point for the regulation of cell-type-specific properties whose expression is responsive to cAMP. Thus, the potential for maturation in response to increased cAMP is a property that segregates in a cell-typespecific manner and is activated at the determinational level in this system. Differentiation can be considered to involve two distinct processes: determination and maturation. Determination is the process by which multipotential stem cells segregate genetic potential to give rise to cells with a more restricted fate or range of fates. This process will subsequently be referred to as branching. In contrast, maturation is the process by which cells come to express more of the celltype-specific properties characteristic of that particular cell type. Several lines of evidence indicate that maturation is a result of the activation of genes that were preprogrammed to be functional in response to extracellular signals. The adipose precursor cell line (3T3) (1), a mammary epithelial precursor cell line (Rama 25) (2), and the pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) (3) exemplify this.This report describes the cell-type-specific maturation, in response to N6,02'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (Bt2cAMP) and testololactone, of the four mor- RT4-AC(Stem cell type) + SloP., ± GFAP') + Na+-influx + K+-efflux Tumorigenic J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-type-specific responses of RT4 neural cell lines to dibutyryl-cAMP: branch determination versus maturation.

Droms¹,

Sueoka²

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The presence of S-100 protein in neurons may be due to intercellular transfer of this protein, and such a problem would be especially acute in tightly packed regions such as the embryonic ventricular zone, which in any event is difficult to fix well. These problems concerning the utilization of S-100 protein raise questions about its suitability for use (as in DeVitry et al, 1980) in determining cell lineages in developing brain. Therefore, given the available data, it seems that GFA best meets rigorous criteria for use as a specific glial differentiation marker.…”

Section: Electron Microscopic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of neuronal and glial precursor cells in the cerebral ventricular zone of the fetal monkey: an ultrastructural immunoperoxidase analysis

Levitt¹,

Cooper²,

Rakić³

1981

J. Neurosci.

362

134

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“…1 cific proteins is sequentially lost as the cell further differentiates. For example, the loss of ion channels as cells mature has frequently been documented (see, for example, Hagiwara and Miyazaki, 1977;Spitzer, 1979) and individual CNS cells have been described that share traits of both nerve and glia (DeVitry et al, 1980;Schubert et al, 1974;Tomozawa and Sueoka, 1978;Wilson et al, 1981).…”

Section: Extracellular Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein complexity of central nervous system cell lines

Schubert¹,

Brass²,

Dumas³

1986

J. Neurosci.

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The total extracellular proteins and the most abundant 960 intracellular proteins of clonal CNS nerve and glial cell lines were examined by quantitative 2-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. While less than 0.2% of the intracellular proteins differ among the 5 nerve and 4 glial cell lines studied, over 65% of the extracellular proteins vary in distribution between the 2 major classes of CNS cells. These data indicate that the phenotypic complexity of nerve and glia populations is similar and that most of the protein complexity is in extracellular molecules.It has been argued on the basis of RNA hybridization studies that the mammalian CNS has a severalfold higher number of unique mRNA sequences than other tissues (Brown and Church, 1972;Chikaraishi et al., 1983; Hahn and Laird, 197 1). Assuming that these mRNAs are translated, there are 2 alternatives that could explain the apparent increase in protein complexity within the brain; they are not mutually exclusive. Each cell within the CNS might make many more species of proteins than cells of other tissues, or there might be a greater number of cell types, each making a few unique species that contribute to total tissue complexity but whose overall protein complexity is similar to cells of different tissues. To distinguish between these alternatives, protein synthesis in a series of clonal CNS nerve and glial cell lines was examined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Total cellular protein synthesis and the extracellular proteins released into the culture medium were analyzed by computer-assisted methods. It is shown that there is a great deal of variability in the protein species synthesized by cells from the rat CNS and that the variability within the glial population is as great as that between the nerve cells. The majority of this protein complexity is associated with the extracellular proteins, which are more abundant in nerve and glia than in mesodermally derived cells. The total number of cellular proteins synthesized by clonal CNS cell lines is, however, indistinguishable from that of mesodermal cells. It follows that the higher protein complexity in the CNS is due to both the large number of unique phenotypes and the increased number of extracellular proteins relative to other tissues. Materials and MethodsCell lines

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Presumptive common precursor for neuronal and glial cell lineages in mouse hypothalamus.

Cited by 61 publications

References 15 publications

Cell-type-specific responses of RT4 neural cell lines to dibutyryl-cAMP: branch determination versus maturation.

Cell-type-specific responses of RT4 neural cell lines to dibutyryl-cAMP: branch determination versus maturation.

Coexistence of neuronal and glial precursor cells in the cerebral ventricular zone of the fetal monkey: an ultrastructural immunoperoxidase analysis

Protein complexity of central nervous system cell lines

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