Presupplementary Motor Area Hyperactivity During Response Inhibition: A Candidate Endophenotype of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Wit, Stella J. de; Vries, Froukje E. de; Werf, Ysbrand D. van der; Cath, Daniëlle C.; Heslenfeld, Dirk J.; Veltman, E.M.; Balkom, A.J.L.M. van; Veltman, Dick J.; Heuvel, Odile A. van den

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010073

Cited by 268 publications

(224 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, D'Urso et al [94] reported, in a randomized cross-over trial of anodal vs cathodal tDCS to the pre-SMA, that the cathodal application was significantly superior to anodal tDCS in reducing OCD symptoms. The results of this study are in line with findings of clinical efficacy of inhibitory rTMS to pre-SMA [95] , demonstrated to be hyperactive in OCD patients during performance of cognitive tasks related to attentional aspects of action control [96,97] . The evidence deriving from the clinical efficacy of inhibitory rTMS and tDCS and from neurophysiological measures of altered motor cortex excitability in OCD [91] , that normalized after 1-Hz rTMS to the pre-SMA [98] , suggests that the pre-motor/motor system is abnormally hyperactive in OCD, and that there is a pathophysiological link between such hyperexcitability and OCD symptoms.…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disordersupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders

Tortella¹,

Casati²,

Aparicio³

et al. 2015

WJP

138

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The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally, REVIEWSubmit a

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Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disordersupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders

Tortella¹,

Casati²,

Aparicio³

et al. 2015

WJP

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although not an a priori ROI, we observed parietal hypoactivity during fear regulation in patients as well. In the context of the wider OCD literature (Menzies et al 2008;de Wit et al 2012), our data suggest that impaired cognitive control in OCD is related not only to dysfunction of the dorsal PFC but to a wider distributed frontal-parietal network.…”

Section: Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Emotion regulation before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive compulsive disorder

et al. 2015

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Background. Impaired emotion regulation may underlie exaggerated emotional reactivity in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), yet instructed emotion regulation has never been studied in the disorder.Method. This study aimed to assess the neural correlates of emotion processing and regulation in 43 medication-free OCD patients and 38 matched healthy controls, and additionally test if these can be modulated by stimulatory (patients) and inhibitory (controls) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Participants performed an emotion regulation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after a single session of randomly assigned real or sham rTMS. Effect of group and rTMS were assessed on self-reported distress ratings and brain activity in frontal-limbic regions of interest.Results. Patients had higher distress ratings than controls during emotion provocation, but similar rates of distress reduction after voluntary emotion regulation. OCD patients compared with controls showed altered amygdala responsiveness during symptom provocation and diminished left dlPFC activity and frontal-amygdala connectivity during emotion regulation. Real v. sham dlPFC stimulation differentially modulated frontal-amygdala connectivity during emotion regulation in OCD patients.Conclusions. We propose that the increased emotional reactivity in OCD may be due to a deficit in emotion regulation caused by a failure of cognitive control exerted by the dorsal frontal cortex. Modulatory rTMS over the left dlPFC may influence automatic emotion regulation capabilities by influencing frontal-limbic connectivity.

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“…In healthy individuals, the VRP and the IFG/ operculum have been shown to be functionally (restingstate fMRI) and structurally (diffusion tensor imaging) con nected, 30,38,39 and significant structural covariance between them has also been reported. 13 Results in OCD samples have shown abnormal taskrelated activity in both regions [40][41][42] as well as changes in functional connectivity between them. 21 Re garding morphometric assessments, different studies have de tected cortical thickness 43 and grey matter volume reductions in the IFG/frontal operculum region 34,44,45 as well as volume enlargements in the ventral putamen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In support of this idea, recent research has shown how these re gions show aberrant activity in patients with OCD during tasks of cognitive control and conflict processing. 41,42 Interestingly, the IFG/frontal operculum activity seems to specifically regulate behaviour in lowpredictability scenarios, thus allowing for fast and accurate responding in changing environments, 48 a pattern of response that is opposite to compulsive behaviour and clearly disrupted in patients with OCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%