Pretilachlor poisoning: A rare case of a herbicide masquerading as organophosphate toxicity

Shilpakar, Olita; Karki, Bipin; Rajbhandari, Bibek

doi:10.1002/ccr3.3473

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A number of chemicals are commonly used for weed management in agriculture, because of their speed and efficiency. Unfortunately, the synthetic herbicides are poisonous to human health and biodiversity [ 1 , 2 ]. They are directly toxic to farmers and indirectly accumulated in agricultural products [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Piper betle L. Extract and Allelochemical Eugenol on Rice and Associated Weeds Germination and Seedling Growth

Choopayak

Aranyakanon

Prompakdee

et al. 2022

Plants

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Natural herbicide is considered as a sustainable approach for weed management in agriculture. Here, allelopathic activities of Piper betle L. extract (BE) and known allelochemical eugenol (EU) were studied against rice and associated weeds in terms of germination and seedling growth. Five plant species including a rice crop (Oryza sativa L.); a dicot weed, false daisy (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.); and three monocot weeds, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), swollen fingergrass (Chloris barbata Sw.), and weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev.) were studied. The paper-based results demonstrated that BE and EU had inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth. The IC50 values of BE and EU for seed germination were ranked from swollen fingergrass, to false daisy, barnyard grass, rice, and weedy rice, respectively. The ratio of root to shoot length of the seedlings indicated that the roots were more affected by the treatments than the shoots. In addition, the gel-based results showed the reduction of the rice seedling root system, especially on lateral root length and the numbers upon the treatments. Taken together, BE had an allelopathic activity similar to that of EU. Interestingly, the major paddy weed, barnyard grass, was more sensitive to BE than rice, underlining BE as a natural herbicide in rice agriculture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Piper betle L. Extract and Allelochemical Eugenol on Rice and Associated Weeds Germination and Seedling Growth

Choopayak

Aranyakanon

Prompakdee

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…We have presented six confirmed cases of pretilachlor ingestion and treated in line with OP poisoning. This is not uncommon in our region, as patients often treated for OP poisoning actually ingest chloroacetanilide products with symptoms similar to those of OP poisoning [ 4 ]. While OP poisoning is commonly encountered in the ER and is one of the leading unnatural causes (suicide) of death in Nepal [ 6 ], very few studies have reported pretilachlor poisoning in our part of the world [ 1 , 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prolonged use of these herbicides has likely cancer-causing consequences [ 3 ]. Pretilachlor’s acute toxicity after ingestion can be mistaken for organophosphate pesticide toxicity, which can lead to improper patient management because these patients frequently exhibit the signs and symptoms of organophosphate toxicity, such as lacrimation, nausea, vomiting, and bladder and bowel incontinence [ 4 ]. Tachycardia, hypotension, sweating, and muscular spasms are seen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted suicidal poisoning with pretilachlor: case series of a herbicide simulating organophosphorus toxicity

Dahal,

Shukla,

Chauhan

et al. 2023

Oxford Medical Case Reports

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Pretilachlor is a herbicide that can cause clinical symptoms in people that are comparable to those of organophosphate poisoning when ingested. Given how closely it mimics the toxicity of organophosphate compounds, it presents a significant challenge to clinicians during management. The following cases were presented to the Emergency Department at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal.

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“…Evaluating the toxiferous nature of pretilachlor, it was revealed that residues of pretilachlor were detected in water, soil, and crops and were proved fatal for the aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems. A case of acute oral intoxication of pretilachlor in humans showed that pretilachlor ingestion resulted in clinical manifestations (Shilpakar et al, 2020). Thus, it is important to study the effect of pretilachlor on nontarget organisms such as cyanobacteria, earthworm, fish, aquatic plants, and other organisms (Mishra & Pabbi, 2004).…”

Section: Pretilachlor-assisted Phytoalexin Accumulation In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate fate, transformation, and toxicological consequences of herbicide pretilachlor to biotic components and associated environment: An overview

Dhanda

Beniwal

Yadav

et al. 2023

J of Applied Toxicology

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Herbicides are applied for effective weed management in order to increase the crop yield. In recent decades, the overuse of these chemicals has posed adverse effects on different biotic components of the environment. Pretilachlor has been widely used during last few decades for weed management in paddy crop. Its excessive use may prove fatal for environment, various organisms, and nontarget plants. Thus, it is pertinent to know the extent to which herbicide residues remain in environment. The potential mobility and the release rate of herbicide in the soil are important factors governing ecotoxicological impact and degradation rate. Therefore, several techniques are being investigated for its effective removal from the contaminated sites. Furthermore, efforts have also been made to study the degradation of pretilachlor by various physicochemical processes, resulting into the formation of different types of metabolites. This review summarizes the available information on environmental fate, various degradation processes, microbial biotransformation, metabolites formed, ecotoxicological effects, techniques for detection in environmental samples, effect of safener, and various control release formulations for sustained release of pretilachlor in applied fields. The information so obtained will be very advantageous in deciding the future policies for safe and judicious use of the herbicide by maintaining health and environmental sustainability.

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Pretilachlor poisoning: A rare case of a herbicide masquerading as organophosphate toxicity

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of Piper betle L. Extract and Allelochemical Eugenol on Rice and Associated Weeds Germination and Seedling Growth

Effects of Piper betle L. Extract and Allelochemical Eugenol on Rice and Associated Weeds Germination and Seedling Growth

Attempted suicidal poisoning with pretilachlor: case series of a herbicide simulating organophosphorus toxicity

Ultimate fate, transformation, and toxicological consequences of herbicide pretilachlor to biotic components and associated environment: An overview

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