Pretreatment gut microbiome predicts chemotherapy-related bloodstream infection

Montassier, Emmanuel; Al‐Ghalith, Gabriel A.; Ward, Tonya; Corvec, Stéphane; Gastinne, Thomas; Potel, G.; Moreau, Philippe; Batard, Éric; Knights, Dan

doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0301-4

Cited by 157 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, perturbation of the gut microbiome has known causal and predictive roles in human gastrointestinal diseases, particularly in predisposing individuals to infection (31)(32)(33). This suggests there may be a broader role for maintaining keystone gut microbial genetic and functional diversity in the conservation of NHPs, although further research is needed to determine which microbiome perturbations represent dysbiosis, and which are merely benign or even beneficial adaptations to changes in lifestyle and diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome

Clayton

Vangay

Huang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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407

466

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The primate gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of bacteria, whose composition is associated with numerous metabolic, autoimmune, and infectious human diseases. Although there is increasing evidence that modern and Westernized societies are associated with dramatic loss of natural human gut microbiome diversity, the causes and consequences of such loss are challenging to study. Here we use nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a model system for studying the effects of emigration and lifestyle disruption on the human gut microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in two model NHP species, we show that although different primate species have distinctive signature microbiota in the wild, in captivity they lose their native microbes and become colonized with Prevotella and Bacteroides, the dominant genera in the modern human gut microbiome. We confirm that captive individuals from eight other NHP species in a different zoo show the same pattern of convergence, and that semicaptive primates housed in a sanctuary represent an intermediate microbiome state between wild and captive. Using deep shotgun sequencing, chemical dietary analysis, and chloroplast relative abundance, we show that decreasing dietary fiber and plant content are associated with the captive primate microbiome. Finally, in a meta-analysis including published human data, we show that captivity has a parallel effect on the NHP gut microbiome to that of Westernization in humans. These results demonstrate that captivity and lifestyle disruption cause primates to lose native microbiota and converge along an axis toward the modern human microbiome.human microbiome | primate microbiome | dietary fiber | dysbiosis | microbial ecology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome

Clayton

Vangay

Huang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

407

466

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“…Montassier and colleagues found that a diverse gut microbiota is associated with protection against chemotherapy-related bloodstream infection 64 .…”

Section: [H2] Phenome Trials and Systems Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota modulation of chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity

Alexander

Wilson

Teare

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

717

560

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Evidence is growing that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs, with three main clinical outcomes: facilitation of drug efficacy; abrogation & compromise of anti-cancer effects, and mediation of toxicity. The implication is that gut microbiota are critical to the development of personalized cancer treatment strategies and, therefore, a greater insight into prokaryotic co-metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs is now required. This thinking is based on evidence from human, animal and in vitro studies and gut bacteria are intimately linked to the pharmacological effects of chemotherapies (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate) and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-PD-L1 and anti-CLTA-4. The gut microbiota modulate these agents through key mechanisms, structured as the 'TIMER' mechanistic framework: namely Translocation, Immunomodulation, Metabolism, Enzymatic degradation, andReduced diversity and ecological variation The gut microbiota can now, therefore, be targeted to improve efficacy and reduce the toxicity of current chemotherapy agents. In this Review, we outline the implications of pharmacomicrobiomics in cancer therapeutics and define how the microbiota might be modified in clinical practice to improve efficacy and reduce the toxic burden of these compounds.

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“…In fact, several researchers confirm that preventive use of FMT leads to a decreased risk of infectious complications during treatment of hematological diseases [16].…”

Section: Clinical Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonoflor-16) [8]. Development of the s.c. shotgun next-generation sequencing based on differential analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and identification of distinct molecular isolates allowed precise DNA profiling of microbiota composition from donor and recipient, therefore, characterizing the most appropriate fecal donors, and evaluating microbiological results of the treatment [16]. This sequencing procedure consists of 4 successive stages: selection of microbial DNAs from feces, amplification by PCR V4-5 plots of the 16S rRNA gene, sequencing, comparing individual results with a database of previously studied samples, for example, from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database.…”

Section: Variability Evaluation Of Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%