Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections of Pregnant Women in Baghdad Hospitals

Ghaima, Kais Kassim; Khalaf, Zainab Shaban; Abdulhassan, Alaa Aziz; Salman, Noor Yahya

doi:10.13005/bpj/1573

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This due to the type of his sample was diabetic patients who suffered from recurrent UTI. On the other hand, Ghaima et al 2018 obtained nearly similar to the result of this study (29.8%) [28]. The mechanism of this resistance is due to mutation [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Bacterial Isolates of Urine and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials

Mahdi¹,

Khudhur²,

Abdul-Hussein³

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a collective term used to describe the microbial invasion of any part of the urinary tract, which consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections in both sexes with a predilection in females. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to isolate the bacteria causing UTI and the highest resistance microorganisms with resistance rates to different antibiotics. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 1000 patients both inpatient and outpatient referred to the laboratory of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital for urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility examination. RESULTS: Of 1000 samples, 318 (31.8%) urine samples were found positive while 682 (68.2%) were negative. Females with bacteriuria held the highest percentage (72.3%) over males (27.7%). Most frequent pathogen was Escherichia coli (40.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (25.7%) which together accounted for 66.2% of the total uropathogens. The uropathogenic bacterial isolates showed different resistance rates to antimicrobial agents: Cefixime (74%), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (73.87%), rifampin (68.75%), ceftriaxone (60.31%), cefepime (44.44%), ciprofloxacin (43.65%), aztreonam (33.78%), nitrofurantoin (29.61%), gentamicin (25.64%), and amikacin (7.31%) being the most effective with a susceptibility rate of (89.63%). CONCLUSIONS: E. coli remains to be the most frequent bacterial uropathogen causing urinary infections. Effective drug may be in the clinical study, in microbiology is only that bacteria were most susceptible to amikacin. β-lactams have the highest resistance rates, and the most resistance antibiotic in this study is cefixime.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In this study, 43.65% of the bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin (Table 2). This study results fall just [28]. This resistance is caused by a point mutation in the bacterial DNA gyrase subunits [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Bacterial Isolates of Urine and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials

Mahdi¹,

Khudhur²,

Abdul-Hussein³

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…(10.3%). In Baghdad, Ghaima et al [33] reported that 57.9% specimens were positive for bacterial culture and E. coli was the most common bacteria (34.0%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (14.6%); Proteus spp.…”

Section: Prevalence Of E Coli Among Uropathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of common carbapenemase genes and multidrug resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli phylogroup B2 isolates from outpatients in Wasit Province/ Iraq

et al. 2022

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Carbapenems are the last resort antimicrobials for the treatment of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emergence of carbapenems resistant group B2 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is a major concern because of their high virulence. Prevalence of these enzymes and multidrug resistance (MDR) among B2 UPEC isolates from Iraqi outpatients with acute urinary tract infection (UTI) was evaluated in this research. Urine cultures were performed and the isolates were identified biochemically. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for phylogroup reference by quadraplex PCR, then B2 isolates were detected for antimicrobial resistance by disc diffusion test and carbapenemase genes by PCR. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent among Gram-negative isolates (66.6%) and B2 was the most detected phylogroup among E. coli isolates (33.9%). Most of B2 isolates showed high resistance rates to tested antimicrobials, especially β-lactams with MDR revealed in 100% of them. Whereas, low resistance rates were noted against carbapenems, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 76.3% of B2 isolates. Of which, blaOXA-48 was the most frequent (57.8%), followed by blaPER (47.3%), blaKPC (15.7%), blaVEB and blaVIM (10.5%, for each). Whereas, blaGES and blaIMP genes were not found. Coproduction of these genes occurred among 17 isolates. The combination of blaOXA-48 and blaPER was the most frequent (41.1%). All carbapenemase producing isolates were MDR. These results revealed high prevalence of carbapenemase genes and MDR among B2 UPEC recovered in this study. In the study area. it is strongly advised to use aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin for empirical treatment of UPEC.

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“…These include the increase in vitamins, amino acids and other nutrients in the urine contents. Growth of bacteria can also increase due to glycosuria whereby increase in the volume of plasma during pregnancy results in the decrease in the concentration of the urine concentration and majority of pregnant women suffer from this condition (Le et al, 2004;Ghaima et al, 2018). The result of this study showed that 45% of the 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Doma hospital were infected with urinary tract pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…are also commonly found in patients in hospitalization and complicated urinary tract infections. However, the frequency of the pathogens may vary based on sex, age, catheterization, and hospitalization (Septon, 2000;Ghaima et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Incidence of Uropathogenic Bacteria Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic Doma Hospital Gombe

Isa

et al. 2022

BIMA

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common global problems associated with health conditions. Patients suffering from UTIs like other patients with clinical infections are liable to suffer from wide variety of infectious agents. This study evaluates the presence of uropathogenic bacteria so that appropriate measures to curb their menace could be enhanced. A total of 200 urine sampleswere collected from pregnant women between the ages of ≤20 to 40. CLED (Cystein Lactose Electrolyte Deficient) agar was used for differential isolation of uropathogenic bacteria. Positive samples were subjected to Gram’s staining and biochemical identification to confirm their identities. Socio-demographic factors and clinical information were used to investigate the incidence. Organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Vibrio spp. with incidences of 54.4%, 12.2%, 10%, 5.6%, 5.6%, 3.3%, 3.3%, 3.3% and 2.2 respectively. In relation to =age group, women at 20 years or less had 50% (n=6/12) incidence, 21-25 years 63.3% (n=38/60), 26-30 years 42.9% (30/70), 31-35 years 34.3% (12/35) and 36-40 years 17.4% (4/23). Socio-demographic factors revealed that the sexually inactive educated women with good hygienic status and with repeated infection were found to have loweruropathogenic prevalence than the sexually active uneducated and unhygienic women with first time infection. E. coli had the highest frequency and Vibrio spp. had the least occurrence. The growth of Vibrio spp. and the other unrelated species to urine may be attributed to the improper hygiene of the pregnant women. The age group with highest incidence was 21-25 years. Thismay be due to the fact that women in this group are the most sexually active and might have had many previous pregnancies.

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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections of Pregnant Women in Baghdad Hospitals

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Bacterial Isolates of Urine and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials

Bacterial Isolates of Urine and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials

Prevalence of common carbapenemase genes and multidrug resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli phylogroup B2 isolates from outpatients in Wasit Province/ Iraq

Evaluation of the Incidence of Uropathogenic Bacteria Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic Doma Hospital Gombe

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