Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Uropathogens among Paediatric Patients in Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to detect and compare the frequency and antibiotics resistant pattern of Gram-negative uropathogens implicated in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in paediatric patients attending some hospitals in Nigeria and to proffer recommendations for its management. Methods: Based on standard procedures, midstream urine samples were collected. Urinalysis was done as a preliminary diagnosis of UTI using Combi-9 test strip. Isolation of uropathogen was done and antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using Kirby-Bauer technique. Results: Out of 489 samples collected, 130 (26.4%) was positive for UTI. The prevalence rate of UTI in the investigated areas such as Nsukka, Otukpo, Gboko and Kastina Ala was 31.8%, 17.5%, 34.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of UTI was higher in males 81 (30.9%) than in females 49 (21.6%), but there was no statistically significant association between gender and UTI (p = 0.636). The prevalence of UTI was greater among the age of 2 -5 years (28.2%) and decreased with the increase in age, although there was no significant association between UTI and the age groups (p = 0.870). Generally, Klebsiella pneumonae (88.8%) was the most dominant bacterium (it was even more in males), followed by E. coli (40.6%), which was more in females, then Pseudomonas spp. (45.0%) and Proteus mirabilis (13.8%). The in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that the isolate was highly resistant to Augmentin, Cotrimoxazoel, Amoxicilin and Tetracycline, while some of the isolate shows intermediate resistant to Nitrofurantoin and Nalixidic acid. Ofloxacine and Gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against the isolates from all the study areas.

Magnitude and associated factors of bacterial urinary tract infections among paediatric patients in Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia

“…We have found that Gram-negative bacterial isolates exhibited high rates of resistance towards amoxicillin-clavulanate (89.5%), ampicillin (84.6%), tetracycline (73.7%) and co-trimoxazole (68.4%). This is in agreement with the findings of previous studies conducted in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia [ 22 , 31 ], Kenya [ 36 ] and Nigeria [ 37 ]. Our results imply that these antibiotics have only the least efficacy and hence cannot be used in an empirical therapy for the management of UTI in children in the study area.…”

Sero-prevalence and associated factors of sexually transmitted infections among youth-friendly services Attendees

“…Among the independent variables analyzed, female participants were about three times more likely to be positive for STIs as compared with their male counterparts (p = 0.012). A similar finding was reported in Nigeria [ 31 ]. This could be due to anatomical and physiological differences.…”

Culture Requests and Multi-Drug Resistance among Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Freetown, Sierra Leone (2017–21): A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Second, in line with other studies from Sierra Leone, West Africa, and other parts of Africa, E. coli and K. pneumonia were the most common uropathogens identified [12,[24][25][26][27]. We were surprised at the isolation of S. aureus in nine specimens.…”

“…The previous reports from Sierra Leone in other hospitals have shown high levels of resistance to TMP-SMX among uropathogens [12], a high prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens [11], and high levels of multidrug resistance [11], and our study adds to the evidence base. Sierra Leone is not alone in facing these problems, as high levels of resistance to TMP-SMX among uropathogens have also been reported from Ethiopia (67-86%), Egypt (58%), and Nigeria (89-100%) [26,27,31,32].…”