Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in Moroccan laying hens farms

Ziyate, Nadia; Karraouan, Bouchra; Kadiri, Ahlam; Darkaoui, Sami; Soulaymani, Abdelmajid; Bouchrif, Brahim

doi:10.3382/japr/pfw036

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Enteritidis isolates and showed the highest prevalence among eight studied virulence genes. These results were consistent with the findings of other studies, which reported a prevalence of 100% for invA gene [ 4 , 18 – 22 ] and msgA gene [ 19 – 21 ] in Salmonella isolates. The cdtB gene had the lowest prevalence as compared to other studied virulence genes, which is consistent with previous studies, reporting the low prevalence of this toxin-encoding gene [ 19 – 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran

et al. 2021

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Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the most common serovars, associated with human salmonellosis. The food-borne outbreak of this bacterium is mainly related to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat and poultry products, including eggs. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection, besides investigation of virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. Enteritidis in poultry and poultry egg samples is essential. A total of 3125 samples (2250 poultry and 875 poultry egg samples), sent to the administrative centers of veterinary microbiology laboratories in six provinces of Iran, were examined for Salmonella contamination, according to the ISO 6579 guideline. Next, duplex PCR was conducted on 250 presumptive Salmonella isolates to detect invA gene for identification of the genus Salmonella and sdf gene for identification of S. Enteritidis. Subsequently, the S. Enteritidis isolates were examined for detection of important virulence genes (pagC, cdtB, msgA, spaN, tolC, lpfC, and spvC) and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns against nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cephalothin, ceftazidime, colistin sulfate, and kanamycin by the disk diffusion method. Results Overall, 8.7 and 2.3% of poultry samples and 6.3 and 1.3% of eggs were contaminated with Salmonella species and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The invA and msgA genes (100%) and cdtB gene (6.3%) had the highest and the lowest prevalence rates in S. Enteritidis isolates. The spvC gene, which is mainly located on the Salmonella virulence plasmid, was detected in 50.8% of S. Enteritidis isolates. The S. Enteritidis isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to nalidixic acid (87.3%) and ceftazidime (11.1%), respectively. Unfortunately, 27.0% of S. Enteritidis isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusion The rate of contamination with Salmonella in the poultry and egg samples, besides the presence of antimicrobial resistant and MDR Salmonella isolates harboring the virulence genes in these samples, could significantly affect food safety and subsequently, human health. Therefore, continuous monitoring of animal-source foods, enhancement of poultry farm control measures, and limiting the use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes in food producing animals, are essential for reducing the zoonotic risk of this foodborne pathogen for consumers and also choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment of salmonellosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Enteritidis isolates was resistance to nalidixic acid alone. The high prevalence of resistance to nalidixic acid was also reported in studies by Khaltabadi Farahani et al (94.1%), En-Nassiri et al (82%), and Ziyate et al (61%) [ 8 , 18 , 22 ]. Conversely, in a study by Mezal et al, all S .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran

et al. 2021

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“…The risk factors associated with contamination were linked to; the cleanout period, antibiotic treatment, infection of turkey poults at placement, manure storage, keeping sick turkeys in the turkey house, season and age of turkeys at the time of sampling (38). The findings of a widespread antibiotic resistant strains and high prevalence of S. Kentucky reported by Allaoui et al, (38), was in accordance with other studies undertaken in other parts of Morocco (37,(39)(40)(41)(42). These studies established the threat posed by laying hens and turkey to the effective control of human NTS foodborne diseases in Morocco.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of S Kentucky Infection In African Countriessupporting

confidence: 89%

“….9%), S. Typhimurium (6.2%), S. Thompson (6.2%), S. Agona (4.6%), and S. Amsterdam (3.1%). Amongst these serovars, S. Kentucky showed the highest level of resistance (25%) to the different drugs tested (37).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of S Kentucky Infection In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Kentucky: prevalence and challenges in Nigeria and the Africa continent

Igomu¹

2020

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Salmonella Kentucky is ubiquitous in most African countries and the multidrug resistant (MDR) strains remain underreported across the continent. In Nigeria, poverty, inter country livestock trades, nomadic system of cattle production, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and prevalent immuno-compromising diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and tuberculosis are factors that have enabled ease of transmission and complications of S. Kentucky infections. In the present decade, S. Kentucky is reported to be the most prevalent serovar associated with poultry in Nigeria, but very few reports underline the risk associated with consumption of poultry and acquisition of MDR S. Kentucky strains. The Nigerian poultry is one of the most commercialized subsectors of Nigerian agriculture, therefore, the presence of S. Kentucky especially strains carrying broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance pose a great risk to public health. The lack of proper monitoring, surveillance, isolation and control of the multidrug resistant S. Kentucky will remain a challenge to the export potential of the Nigerian poultry subsector and livestock in general. As a nation, modalities and actions against the smuggling of poultry products, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and nomadic system for the production of dairy and beef that promotes spread of virulent strains of Salmonellae must change. The impact of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans in Nigeria also remains under studied and under reported, especially those caused by S. Kentucky ST198. Compounding these concerns is the lack of commercial veterinary or human vaccines against S. Kentucky or where vaccines against the broad serogroup C non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are available, they are rarely supplied, with no evidence they could be cross-protective. This review emphasizes the emergence and widespread occurrence of MDR S. Kentucky strains on the African continent, and discussed risk factors contributing to its spread in Nigeria and the potential public health challenge especially to high-risk immunocompromised individuals. Keywords: Salmonella Kentucky, ST198 strain, multidrug resistant, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Nigeria, Africa French Title: Salmonella Kentucky: prévalence et défis au Nigeria et sur le continent africain Salmonella Kentucky est omniprésente dans la plupart des pays africains et les souches multirésistantes (MDR) restent sous-déclarées à travers le continent. Au Nigéria, la pauvreté, les échanges de bétail entre pays, le système d'élevage nomade, l'utilisation aveugle d'antibiotiques et les maladies immunodéprimantes prévalentes telles que le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine/le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (VIH/SIDA) et la tuberculose sont des facteurs qui ont facilité la transmission et complications des infections à S. Kentucky. Au cours de la présente décennie, S. Kentucky serait le sérotype le plus répandu associé à la volaille au Nigéria, mais très peu de rapports soulignent le risque associé à la consommation de volaille et à l'acquisition de souches MDR S. Kentucky. La volaille nigériane est l'un des sous-secteurs les plus commercialisés de l'agriculture nigériane, par conséquent, la présence de S. Kentucky, en particulier les souches présentant une résistance antimicrobienne à large spectre, pose un grand risque pour la santé publique. L'absence de suivi, de surveillance, d'isolement et de contrôle adéquats du S. Kentucky multirésistant résistera toujours au défi du potentiel d'exportation du sous-secteur de la volaille nigérian et du bétail en général. En tant que nation, les modalités et les actions contre la contrebande de produits de volaille, l'utilisation aveugle d'antibiotiques et le système nomade pour la production de produits laitiers et de boeuf qui favorisent la propagation de souches virulentes de salmonelles doivent changer. L'impact de la salmonellose non typhoïde chez l'homme au Nigeria reste également sous-étudié et sous-signalé, en particulier ceux causés par S. Kentucky ST198. À ces inquiétudes s'ajoute le manque de vaccins commerciaux vétérinaires ou humains contre S. Kentucky ou là où des vaccins contre les Salmonella non typhoïde du sérogroupe C sont disponibles, ils sont rarement fournis, sans aucune preuve qu'ils pourraient être de protection croisée. Cette revue met l'accent sur l'émergence et la présence généralisée de souches MDR S. Kentucky sur le continent africain, et a discuté des facteurs de risque contribuant à sa propagation au Nigéria et du défi potentiel de santé publique en particulier pour les personnes immunodéprimées à haut risque. Mots-clés: Salmonella Kentucky, souche ST198, multirésistante, tuberculose, VIH/SIDA, Nigéria, Afrique

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“…In the current study, 7(14.6%) of the 48 examined poultry farms were positive for Salmonella . This is very much low compared to studies conducted in Morocco and Nigeria where 76.7% and [ 25 ], 43.6% [ 26 ] of the poultry farms were contaminated by Salmonella, respectively. Sample level prevalence of Salmonella was also low in the current study (4.7%) compared to previous studies conducted elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars in poultry farms in central Ethiopia: prevalence and antimicrobial resistance

Eguale

2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundPoultry is one of the common sources of non-typhoidal Salmonella and poultry products are the major sources of human infection with non-typhoidal Salmonella. In spite of flourishing poultry industry in the country, data on prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars at farm level is not available in Ethiopia. This study investigated prevalence, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella in poultry farms in Addis Ababa and its surrounding districts.ResultsA total of 549 fresh pool of fecal droppings (n = 3 each) were collected from 48 poultry farms and cultured for Salmonella using standard laboratory technique and serotyped using slide agglutination technique. Susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to18 antimicrobials was tested according to CLSI guideline using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. Salmonella was recovered in 7 (14.6%) of the farms and 26 (4.7%) of the samples. Salmonella was more common in poultry farms with larger flock size than in the smaller ones and in Ada’a district as compared to other districts. All isolates were obtained from farms containing layers. Two out of 6 (33.3%) farms that kept birds in cage were positive for Salmonella while only 5 (11.9%) of the 42 farms who used floor system were positive. Oxytetracycline was used widely in 40 (83.3%) of the farms, followed by amoxicillin 14 (29.2%) and sulfonamides 11 (22.9%). Salmonella Saintpaul was the dominant serotype detected accounting for 20 (76.9%) of all isolates. Other serovars, such as S. Typhimurium3 (11.5%), S. Kentucky 2 (7.7%) and S. Haifa 1 (3.8%) were also detected. Of all the Salmonella isolates tested, 24 (92.3%) were intermediately or fully resistant to sulfisoxazole and streptomycin, 12 (46.2%) to cephalothin, while 11 (42.3%) were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to several drugs was common in S. Kentucky and S. Saintpaul.ConclusionDespite low prevalence of Salmonella in poultry farms in the study area, circulation of MDR strains in some farms warrant special biosecurity measures to hinder dissemination of these pathogens to other farms and the public. Moreover, awareness creation on prudent use of antimicrobials is recommended.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in Moroccan laying hens farms

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran

Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran

Salmonella Kentucky: prevalence and challenges in Nigeria and the Africa continent

Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars in poultry farms in central Ethiopia: prevalence and antimicrobial resistance

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