Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni isolated from the lower respiratory tract of healthy feedlot cattle and those diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease

Timsit, Edouard; Hallewell, Jennyka; Booker, Calvin W.; Tison, N.; Amat, Samat; Alexander, Trevor W.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.013

Cited by 106 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Pasteurella multocida was ubiquitous, whereas this was not the case for M. haemolytica and H. somni, each being present in approximately one-third of the herds. For H. somni, the prevalence was higher than usually detected by culture methods, likely because the bacteria require specific growth conditions and are easily overgrown (Pardon et al, 2011;Timsit et al, 2017). For M. haemolytica, next to simultaneous BCV detection 2 interesting risk factors were identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Despite the importance of BRD, most available studies on pathogen identification in live animals are limited in number of herds and pathogens studied (Autio et al, 2007;Pardon et al, 2011;Murray et al, 2018). Also, most of them involve intensive systems such as feedlots or veal calves, which are confronted with respiratory disease year round at a predictable moment in the production cycle (Pardon et al, 2011;Timsit et al, 2017). In contrast, pathogens involved in the classic epidemic respiratory disease outbreaks in winter in the most frequent European farming system of familyowned medium-sized dairy and beef farms are hardly documented (O'Neill et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To justify antimicrobial use and customize prevention and control measures, sampling of the respiratory tract is recommended in more and more European countries (KNMVD, 2015;EMA/EFSA, 2017;AMCRA, 2019). Different sampling methods are available, of which deep nasopharyngeal swabs, transtracheal washes, and nonendoscopic broncho-alveolar lavage (nBAL) have found their way into practice (Doyle et al, 2017;Timsit et al, 2017;Van Driessche et al, 2017). Next to classic bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, PCR is increasingly popular (O'Neill et al, 2014;DGZ, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Pardon

Callens

Maris

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Respiratory tract infections (bovine respiratory disease) are a major concern in calf rearing. The objective of this study was to identify pathogen-specific risk factors associated with epidemic respiratory disease in calves. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 128 outbreaks (29 dairy, 58 dairy-mixed, and 41 beef) in Belgium (2016Belgium ( -2018. A semiquantitative PCR for 7 respiratory pathogens was done on a pooled nonendoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage sample for each herd. Potential risk factors were collected by questionnaire and derived from the national cattle registration databank. Most outbreaks occurred between October and March, and single and multiple viral infections were detected in 58.6% (75/128) and 13.3% (17/128), respectively. Bovine coronavirus (BCV) was the most frequently isolated virus (38.4%), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV; 29.4%) and parainfluenzavirus type 3 (PI-3; 8.1%). Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni were detected in 33.3, 41.2, 89.1, and 36.4% of the herds, respectively. Specific risk factors for BCV detection were detection of M. haemolytica [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-7.5)], increasing herd size [OR = 1.3 (1.0-1.8) for each increase with 100 animals] and detection of BCV by antigen ELISA on feces in calves in the last year [OR = 3.6 (1.2-11.1)]. A seasonal effect was shown for bRSV only {more in winter compared with autumn [OR = 10.3 (2.8-37.5)]}. Other factors associated with bRSV were PI-3 detection [OR = 13.4 (2.1-86.0)], prevalence of calves with respiratory disease [OR = 1.02 (1.00-1.04) per 1% increase], and number of days with respiratory signs before sampling [OR = 0.99 (0.98-0.99) per day increase]. Next to its association with BCV, M. haemolytica was more frequently detected in herds with 5 to 10 animals per pen [OR = 8.0 (1.4-46.9)] compared with <5 animals, and in herds with sawdust as bedding [OR = 18.3 (1.8-191.6)]. Also, for H. somni, housing on sawdust was a risk factor [OR = 5.2 (1.2-23.0)]. Purchase of cattle [OR = 2.9 (1.0-8.0)] and housing of recently purchased animals in the same airspace [OR = 5.0 (1.5-16.5)] were risk factors for M. bovis.This study identified pathogen-specific risk factors that might be useful for the development of customized control and prevention and for the design of decision support tools to justify antimicrobial use by predicting the most likely pathogen before sampling results are available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Pardon

Callens

Maris

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…To date, the following bacteria and viruses are considered as major BRD pathogens: Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica , bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV‐1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) (Fulton, ). Although vaccines for these pathogens are commercially available, mass medication with antimicrobial on arrival at the feedlot (also known as metaphylaxis in North America) is still needed for effective prevention, which raises major public health concerns regarding antimicrobial usage and resistance (Bowland & Shewen, ; Ellis, ; Hilton, ; Timsit et al, ). Furthermore, despite aggressive use of antibiotics and vaccines, BRD morbidity and mortality rates among feedlot cattle have remained steady (Hilton, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

Zhang

Hill

Fernando

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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116

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes considerable economic losses in North America. The pathogenesis involves interactions between bacteria, viruses, environment and management factors. Primary viral infection can increase the risk of secondary fatal bacterial infection. The objective of this study was to use metagenomic sequencing to characterize the respiratory viromes of paired nasal swabs and tracheal washes from western Canadian feedlot cattle, with or without BRD. A total of 116 cattle (116 nasal swabs and 116 tracheal washes) were analysed. The presence of influenza D virus (IDV), bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV), bovine coronavirus (BCV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was associated with BRD. Agreement between identification of viruses in nasal swabs and tracheal washes was generally weak, indicating that sampling location may affect detection of infection. This study reported several viruses for the first time in Canada and provides a basis for further studies investigating candidate viruses important to the prevention of BRD.

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“…; Timsit et al . ) and the US (Snyder et al . ) showed significantly high levels of resistance (≥50%) in M. haemolytica , P. multocida and H. somni isolated from the respiratory tract of feedlot cattle, with some bacteria resistant against multiple classes of antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

et al. 2019

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Aims The objective of this study was to determine antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens and nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria, as well as cytotoxicity in bovine turbinate (BT) cells in vitro. Methods and Results The chemical composition of 16 EOs was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All EOs were first evaluated for growth inhibition of a single BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 strain (L024A). The most inhibitory EOs (n = 6) were then tested for antimicrobial activity against multidrug‐resistant strains of M. haemolytica (serotypes 1, 2 and 6); the BRD pathogens Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni, as well as commensal bacteria that were isolated from the nasopharynx of feedlot cattle. The cytotoxicity of 10 EOs was also evaluated using a BT cell line. The EOs ajowan, thyme and fennel most effectively inhibited all BRD pathogens tested including multidrug‐resistant strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ≤0·025% (volume/volume, v/v). For these EOs, the MIC was 2–32 fold greater against commensal bacteria, compared to BRD‐associated pathogens. No cytotoxic effects of EOs against BT cells were observed within the tested range of concentrations (0·0125–0·4%, v/v). Conclusions The EOs ajowan, thyme and fennel inhibited M. haemolytica, P. multocida and H. somni at a concentration of 0·025% and had minimal antimicrobial activity against nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria and cytotoxicity against BT cells. Significance and Impact of the Study This study demonstrated that EOs may have potential for intra‐nasal administration to mitigate bovine respiratory pathogens in feedlot cattle.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni isolated from the lower respiratory tract of healthy feedlot cattle and those diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease

Cited by 106 publications

References 32 publications

Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

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